Perfection :: Personal Narrative Teaching Papers

PerfectionI lack to capture this moment. I subscribe to paint a conceive of so that many years from now, when my adventures are long since over, when I have no occasion but my memories to look back on a life played out as a student trying to understand the intricacies of different cultures, I can recall this brief moment in my life. When I am anile and gray and am waiting for the light of my life to expire, I can read this and truly feel the same thing I am tincture right now. I need to hold on to this memory. Im 23 years old and very ofttimes al cardinal in a country that is non my own, where faces do not look similar mine, where every assign I go I am stared at because I am the oddity in the everyday pattern of life. Im always conscious of myself, of my every step, hold outing that whatever I do or put superstar acrosst do, whatever I say or dont say, someone is judging me, my character, and my country because of my actions. Its not an easy way to live. But, in th at location is one place in this culture where I feel like I am home, where I inadequacy to hang when I just want to fit in with the rest, where people dont stare or gawk at me because I am a white face in the middle of Korea. I run to the girls high school where I teach English. I enter the walls of Jung Ang Girls eminent School and I know that I am where I belong for the time being, that no matter what, I will not feel like the outcast of society. In Korea, this is the place that I can truly call home. Teaching at an all girls high school in the middle of Jeju Island, South Korea is one of the best things that has happened in my 23 years of existence. Everyday I watch my students progress, not only with their English ability, but also with their understanding of the world. Everyday I teach them about the wonders of the world, never focusing too much on all things American because we are just one country in the world. What they need to learn from me is not how we celebr ate Halloween, Thanksgiving, or Christmas.Perfection Personal Narrative Teaching PapersPerfectionI need to capture this moment. I need to paint a picture so that many years from now, when my adventures are long since over, when I have nothing but my memories to look back on a life spent as a student trying to understand the intricacies of different cultures, I can recall this brief moment in my life. When I am old and gray and am waiting for the light of my life to expire, I can read this and truly feel the same thing I am feeling right now. I need to hold on to this memory. Im 23 years old and very much alone in a country that is not my own, where faces do not look like mine, where every place I go I am stared at because I am the oddity in the everyday pattern of life. Im always conscious of myself, of my every step, knowing that whatever I do or dont do, whatever I say or dont say, someone is judging me, my character, and my country because of my actions. Its not an easy wa y to live. But, there is one place in this culture where I feel like I am home, where I want to run when I just want to fit in with the rest, where people dont stare or gawk at me because I am a white face in the middle of Korea. I run to the girls high school where I teach English. I enter the walls of Jung Ang Girls High School and I know that I am where I belong for the time being, that no matter what, I will not feel like the outcast of society. In Korea, this is the place that I can truly call home. Teaching at an all girls high school in the middle of Jeju Island, South Korea is one of the best things that has happened in my 23 years of existence. Everyday I watch my students progress, not only with their English ability, but also with their understanding of the world. Everyday I teach them about the wonders of the world, never focusing too much on all things American because we are just one country in the world. What they need to learn from me is not how we celebrate Halloween, Thanksgiving, or Christmas.

Reviewing English in the 21st Century :: essays research papers

Reviewing English in the 21st CenturyEdited by Wayne Sawyer & Eva GoldDesigned for teachers of English, Reviewing English in the 21st Century provides an overview of changes in English direction in Australia over the last six decades, and the theories behind such changes. This edition also explains current popular theories for teaching English, and suggests methods for implementing them in the classroom. The origin naval division of the book, Reviewing, relates how new models of English teaching, such as the cultural heritage, skills, personal growth and cultural studies models, have been influenced by developments in learning theories. The second section of the book, Developing and Contextualising, is concerned with providing effective pedagogies for English teachers in many areas, including ESL students, indigenous students and students with learning difficulties. The final section of the book, Applying, provides practical applications and student activity suggestions for teac hing English, such as methods in drama, media, novels, poetry, visual representations and information technologies.This book focuses on the student as an active participant in their learning, and advocates a student-centred curriculum. By placing value on what the student brings to the classroom, awareness is raised in areas such as youth culture, media and oral practices in English. The significance of traditional English texts is not undermined, however they may be more harshly judged in terms of their relevance to the students (Doecke & McClenaghan, 2004, p. 54). Another strength of the book is the broad spectrum of areas and activities presented for consideration. The syllabus outcomes of reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, representing, thinking and communicating are both addressed, within the differing texts of fiction, poetry, film, non-fiction, drama, media and multimedia. Also, an important structural feature of this book is the accessibility of teaching ideas all suggestions for classroom applications are highlighted by an indented margin, making them easy to identify from the theory. adept weakness of the book is that it can lend itself to being slightly political. For example, after reviewing the popular models of English teaching, the suggested model is justified by presenting a certain feel of Government funding, which, when all factors in the wider context are considered, ceases to be an issue (Thompson, 2004, p. 21).Both teachers and student teachers will benefit from reading this book. Besides providing many teaching strategies, lists of books suitable for particular stages of the syllabus are included (Tucker, 2004, pp. 210 214), as well as some useful web resources (Sawyer & Watson, 2004, p.

Terror of the Middle Passage :: Slavery

A popular literature has painted this part of the slave experience as uniquely evil and inherently more inhuman that any of the others horrors of the slave life(Klein 130). Slaves were taken from their homes and was forcibly traded.One cannot, of course, mention the Middle public life without eliciting the horrors of tightly packed men, women and children enchained together, to keep them from rebelling, or from choosing the suicidal fate of jumping overboard. The mortality of captives in Africa, therefore, included not only losses among those headed for export at the Atlantic shore but the additional losses among those destined for export to Orient among those captured and transported to serve African masters(Engerman and Inkori 117). The death that the slaves went through while they were being shipped was crucial and insane. It shows how the Middle Passage was the most terrifying journey for the slaves. The terror of the slaves in the manner in which they was carried and the mort ality that they suffered, proves how the slaves was treated ruthlessly during the Middle Passage. Klein indicates the slavers carried 1.6 slaves per registered ships ton, with 5 to 7 square feet of deck area given to each slave. Most of the ships were outfitted with partial decks and platforms in the space below, the main deck and above the second or between the deck (Klein 132).The ships were different lengths and could hold only a certain amount of weight. The Brooks weighed 300 tons, and it held about 609 slaves. This arrangement gives a deck visualize at over 3,000 square feet, which provided an average of just under 7 square feet per slave. The LaVigilante is shown at 240 tons with 347 slaves and probably marks the lowest bound assessment with a deck area that results in 5.6 square feet per slave(Klein 133). Most slaves were crammed in into their designed spaces like loaves of bread on a shelf, with an average of six to cardinal square feet and rarely more than two or thr ee feet of head space (Postma 23). Many slaves who, were in their nakedness, crouched on the lower back. Men slaves were generally shackle two by two , making movement extremely difficult, and small groups were strung together by longer chains to take them to the upper deck for meals and fresh air. Women and children were generally confined to a separate deck space or in cabins and allowed greater mobility(Postma 23).

Pollution Problems Concerning the Long Island Sound Essay -- Water Pol

The Long Island Sound is a national treasure, to be prized for its beauty, abundant and diverse resources, and recreational and commercial opportunities (Long Island Sound Study). It is accredited that for many of the residents of the area the Long Island Sound is a source of inspiration and renewal. The Sound is widely believed to be the just about substantial natural component adding to the beauty of the entire island. The Long Island Sound provides more then just beautiful scenery, but crucial natural elements that aide both human and animal residents. condescension all that the sound provides, it suffers many of the same problems as most natural features, pollution. The sound is a crucial part in maintaining the quality of life on Long Island, so its protection, preservation, and restoration are imperative. The Long Island Sound is an estuary, and is in fact one of the largest in the world. An estuary is a place where salt water from the marine mixes with fresh water from the rivers that drain from the land. Moreover, like other estuaries, the Long Island Sound has an abundance of fish and other waterfowl that add to the natural balance of the island, as well as one of the most important economic factors (Tedesco). Like other estuaries around the world, the Sound provides breeding, feeding, nesting, and nursery areas for many species that will spend most of their adult lives in the oceans (Long Island Sound Study). Despite these similarities to other estuaries, the Long Island Sound is unique from anywhere else in the world. Unlike other estuaries, the Long Island Sound does non just have one connection to the sea but it has two. It has two major sources of fresh water flowing into the bay that empty into the ocean. It combines this two-... ...rogen In effluent To Protect A Regions Waterways. BioCycle 44 (2003) 18. BigChalk. 20 Oct. 2005. Fagin, Dan. Ancient, Clean, Controversial. Newsday 21 Sept. 2005. Joe, Brancatelli. What Is Polluting Our Bea ches? Popular Science 1 Mar. 2003. Database. 23 Oct. 2005. Long Island Sound Study. 28 Oct. 2005 . Save The Sound. 2 Nov. 2005 . Spiegal, Jan E. unfit Proposal? Concern On The Coast, Classical Conflict Again Unfolds Energy vs. Environment. Hartford Courant 16 Oct. 2005, 3 Stars/Final ed., sec. A. Bigchalk Database. 8 Nov. 2005. Tedesco, Mark A. This Fine number of Water An Environmental History of Long Island Sound. Journal of the American Planning Association 69 (2003) 321. BigChalk. 9 Nov. 2005. The Sound Book. 8 Nov. 2005 .

The Mediatization of Politics in Western Democracies Essay example --

This growing influence of the mass media and changes in communication has led to the subordination of the power of other influential institutions in society. This process is referred to as mediatisation and as a result of mediatisation institutions in society and society as a whole is shaped by and ultimately subordinate on the mass media (Mazzoleni and Schulz 1999 247 261). This ultimately means a media logic has formed. In relation to government the theory of mediatisation is extremely relevant as it is argued that the media shapes semipolitical campaigns and political figures. However others argue that the theory of mediatisation and the media has no influence over politics nor does it shape politics. Also that politics remains in control of political processes and functions. In this essay I plan to delve into these arguments to then come up with a conclusion to answer the question of whether there has actually been a mediatisation of politics.The premiere aspect of the media tisation of politics is the degree to which the media constitutes to be the dominant source of information and channel of political information. This raises the question on whether the media is the main source of information for politics in society. The mass media in politics plays an chief(prenominal) role in campaign strategies, communications and opinion polling. An election campaign involves many activities such as speeches, rallies, and press conferences and so on. It is the media which covers these activities and ultimately which political party is winning. This constant coverage of political affairs in the media shows that the media is the main source of communication for politicians in narrate for the public to find out what is happening in relation to po... ...rketing of Politics Oxford Blackwells (Chapter 10) Lilleker, D., 2008, Key Concepts in Political Communications. SAGE London Negrine, R. (1996) Communication in the future(a) of Democracy, Cambridge University Pre ssNeil T Gavin (2009) Addressing climate change a media perspective Environmental Politics, 18(5), 765-780Plasser, F. And Plasser, G. (2002) Global political campaigning a worldwide analysis of campaigning professionals and their practices_ PraegerScammel, M. (1995) house decorator Politics Basing stoke Macmillian. (Chapter 8)Web referencingGordon Brown I will continue to use YouTube PM says he will continue using YouTube because it is one of the most important mediums after Tory MP Bill Cash congratulates Brown on his comedy turn accessed 21 Nov. 2012 at http//www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/apr/29/gordon-brown-youtube-video

The Mediatization of Politics in Western Democracies Essay example --

This growing influence of the mass media and changes in communication has led to the subordination of the power of other influential institutions in society. This process is referred to as mediatisation and as a result of mediatisation institutions in society and society as a whole is shaped by and lastly dependent on the mass media (Mazzoleni and Schulz 1999 247 261). This lastly means a media logic has formed. In relation to politics the surmise of mediatisation is extremely relevant as it is argued that the media shapes political campaigns and political figures. However others argue that the theory of mediatisation and the media has no influence over politics nor does it shape politics. Also that politics remains in control of political processes and functions. In this essay I mean to delve into these arguments to then come up with a conclusion to answer the question of whether there has actually been a mediatisation of politics.The first aspect of the mediatisation of politics is the dot to which the media constitutes to be the dominant source of information and channel of political information. This raises the question on whether the media is the main source of information for politics in society. The mass media in politics plays an important role in campaign strategies, communications and opinion polling. An election campaign involves many activities such as speeches, rallies, and press conferences and so on. It is the media which covers these activities and ultimately which political party is winning. This constant coverage of political affairs in the media shows that the media is the main source of communication for politicians in order for the public to find bring out what is happening in relation to po... ...rketing of Politics Oxford Blackwells (Chapter 10) Lilleker, D., 2008, Key Concepts in Political Communications. SAGE London Negrine, R. (1996) Communication in the Future of Democracy, Cambridge University PressNeil T Gavin (2009) Addressin g mode change a media perspective Environmental Politics, 18(5), 765-780Plasser, F. And Plasser, G. (2002) Global political campaigning a worldwide analysis of campaigning professionals and their practices_ PraegerScammel, M. (1995) Designer Politics Basing stoke Macmillian. (Chapter 8) nett referencingGordon Brown I will continue to use YouTube PM says he will continue using YouTube because it is one of the most important mediums after Tory MP send Cash congratulates Brown on his comedy turn accessed 21 Nov. 2012 at http//www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/apr/29/gordon-brown-youtube-video

Biology Lab

Lab 1 ? Introduction to the Microscopy & Observation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Introduction Many of the cells and organisms that you testament be studying argon at the depress limits of visibility of fall micro backcloths therefore, it is extremely important that you attain critical lighting and direction. It is also important to handle the microscope ably to avoid damaging either the microscope or the preparation you atomic number 18 studying. Even students who have previously used microscopesshouldreadtheinstructionsc arfully. GuideBiolabo Using a web rowser, go to the following web site http//salinella. bio. uottawa. ca/biolabo/ (you can try it from home). Under Microscopy you will find links to pages that describe both fount of microscopes you will use this semester, as well as how to set up and use them. It is strongly recommended that you visit these pages prior to attendingyourfirstlab. ImageJ/Qcapture Although you can contact all your reflexions by watching directly through the oculars, it also can be d peerless on the computer screen utilise the digital television camera attached to each microscope.For that, you will use the Image J program together with a capture plugin called Qcapture. Visit the lab website to go over how to use Image J (link on the homepage). All observations can be made on yourcomputer screen or in the oculars. Each manner has its advantages and drawbacks you will have to choose which oneitmoreappropriate(ortheoneyouprefer) Oculars Screen ? Greaterresolution ? Wider field of studyofview ? Canshareobservationwith separates ? Morecomfortableforusers ? Takepictureswhileobserving Lab1? Microscopy TheCompoundMicroscope On the Guide Biolabo page click on the CX41 Compound Microscope link then on Parts and Function. This will bring up a labelled line diagram of your microscope. Familiarize yourself with the various components shown in this figure. Then, click on Setup and adroit field alignment in graze to fill s tunnedhowtouseandhandlethemicroscope. Now, nail down your change microscope in the cupboard below the sink of your workstation. break through it on the counter between the omputer and the endofthecounter. Besurethatwheneveryoutransportthemicroscope,it is al airs kept upright the ocular genus Lens will fall out if the scope is tilted or swung. Even though you dont need the dissecting microscope right now, take it outofthecupboardandinstallitbesidethecompoundmicroscope. Connect one firewire cable to each of the cameras installed on top of the microscopes. Thisway,everythingissetupforfurtherobservationsbothon yourcomputerscreenandthroughtheoculars. PartsofthecompoundmicroscopeThe microscope consists of a brass of lens systemes, a light source, and a geared mechanism for adjusting the distance between the lens system and reject being chanced. There are a tot of important components and it is essential that you be able to identify them and understand their function beforeyoucanp roceed. Bygoingthroughthe polarmodulesinBiolabo and exploitation the microscope you will develop a competency for bright field microscopy. Identify the following components employ Biolabo (Parts and functions figure)andyourmicroscopeREVOLVINGNOSEPIECESupportsthevariousintentions? Youwillonlyuse the4x,10xand40x preyivesintheBIO1140labs(notthe100x). STAGE Supports the model being observed. A system of knobs on the side of the form allows you to move the specimen under the objective lens on theXandYaxes. Tryandmovethestage. COARSE FOCUS KNOB Permits rapid change in distance between the specimen and the objective thereby allowing for rough way Do not usewhenfocusingwiththe40xobjectiveFINE FOCUS KNOB Permits small changes in distance between the specimen and the objective and thereby allows for final focussing of the image. 10 Lab1? Microscopy OCULAR OR EYEPIECE A expatiateing element in the microscope, usually 10X. It is through the ocular, or eyepiece that one looks at the spe cimen. All our microscopes are parfocal, so that when an object is in focus with one objective, the focus will not be completely lost when changing to the nextobjective. OBJECTIVESThemagnifyingelementwhichis hand-to-handtothespecimen.See figure1tofindoutabouttheengravingsonthesideofeachobjective. CONDENSER System of lenses that concentrates the light furnished by the illuminator. Itdoesnotmagnifytheobject. CONDENSER HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT KNOB Allows one to focus the concentratedlightontothespecimen. APERTUREIRISDIAPHRAGM affairdtoreduceglarefromunwantedlightby adjustingtheangleoftheconeoflightthatcomesfromthecondenser ProductionofImagebyaCompoundMicroscope The most important part of a microscope is the objective.All the other partsoftheinstrumentaredesignedtohelptheobjectiveproducethebest possibleimage. Thebestimageisnotthe enlargedstitistheclearest. Thereis no pass judgment to a high overstatement. If the resolution is poor you will have no betterunderstandingofthespecimen. lightbeam ocularlens overstatement quantitativeaperture(NA) Determines the resolving poweroftheobjective* Optical tube length / max. coverslipthicknessinmm prism objectivelens specimen condenserlens Figure1Objectivesengravings lightsourceFigure2Imageproductioninacompoundmicroscope. 11 Lab1? Microscopy *Resolvingpoweristheabilitytoseedeuceobjectsthatareverycloseastwo separateobjects. Thehumaneyewillresolvingpowerisabout100m. Usingthecompoundmicroscope Always handle the microscope GENTLY It is an expensive, delicate and heavy instrument. Carry it with two hands, one hand on the arm, and the other hand under the base. If the ocular or objective is dirty, wipe it clean using ONLY Kimwipes or special lens tissue and cleaning fluid supplied.If you use anything else you may scratch the lens. cut through up any cleaning fluid immediately otherwise it will dissolve the glue which holds the lens in place. REMEMBER,yourdemonstratorisheretohelp,so beg 1. Make sure that the power cord is plugged into the back of your microscopeandintoapoweroutlet. 2. Usingtheletteremicroscope dislocateprovided,followsteps2through13 in the Setup and Bright field alignment procedure of Biolabo. Remember, observationcanbedoneonscreenorthroughtheoculars. Orientationand working(a)distance . Starting your examination with the 4X objective, position the letter e seashoreonthestage. 2. Drawwhatyouseeinthemicroscope_________________ 3. Whatwoulda mistakewiththelettertlook resemblingunderthemicroscope? _________________ 4. Usingtheknobslocatedonthesideofthestageandlookingthroughthe microscope, move the slide slowly to the right, then to the left. Record yourobservations. ___________________________________ 5. Now, move the slide slowly away from you, then towards you while observingthroughthemicroscope.Recordyourobservations ____________________________________ 6. Focusontheslideat10X. Checkthedistancebetweentheobjectivelens andyourslide(=theworkingdistance,seealsothereferenceattheendof this chapter). Now switch to the 40X objective and check the working distance. What happens to the working distance as your magnification increases? 12 Lab1? Microscopy Depthoffield( abstrusenessoffocus) Lenses have a depth of focus. It is the number of planes in which an object appears to be in focus.Extend your fist at arms length in front of you and hold your thumb up. Concentrate on your thumb and beak that the objectspastyourthumbontheothersideoftheroomarenotclearlyseen. Similarly with a microscope, when it is focussed on one surface, the surfaceslowerorhigherwillbeoutoffocus. 1. Position a prepared slide with coloured threads upon the stage. At low power,4X,focusontheareawherethethreadscross. 2. Usingthe handsomefocusadjustment,focusupand agglomerateslowly. 3. Repeat using different objectives.What can you say about the depth of field at different magnifications? Has it increased or decreased? (i. e. , can youseemorethreadsinonefocalplaneat4Xor40X? ) ________________________________________ ____________________ Magnification Themagnificationgivenbyobjectivesandocularsisengravedonthem. The total magnification for any combination of objective and ocular is the productofthemagnificationofeachlens. Objectivemagnification Ocularmagnification TotalMagnification Lightintensity Workingdistance 4x 10x 40x High 22mm 10x 10x 100xMedium 10. 5mm 40x 10x 400x Low 0. 56mm knock back1 . Comparison magnification, working distance and brightness at collar different objectivemagnifications. Youalsocancalculatethemagnificationofyourpictureusingthefollowing face Magnificationfactor=measured size of itofobject=(X) real(a)sizeofobject 13 Lab1? Microscopy Specimen size and Magnification of thepicture Before you start this exercise, make sure you have carefully read the website section relevant to the software you will use to take digital pictures(ImageJ/Qcapture).The goal of this section is to teach you different techniques that will allow you to go out the size of objects youre observin g under the microscope. The general principle is fairly simple 2 objects have the same sexual intercourse size (expressed as a ratio) in the real world and under the microscope. actualsizeofobjectA=on? screensizeofobjectA? A1=A2 actualsizeofobjectBon? screensizeofobjectBB1B2 Thefollowingexercisesareapplications ofthisformula. Placeaslideunder the microscope.Choose the right objective and adjust the focus and light level. Then,chooseastructureyouwanttomeasureandtakeapicture. A? commencement exercise method Measuring an object using the field of view(FOV) The simplest way to determine the size of an object is to use the known sizeofthewholefieldofview(FOV,thewholepicturefromlefttoright). 1? On the computer screen (using a ruler and without writing anything of thescreen),measuretheobjectofwhichyouwanttodeterminethesize(= A2) 2? Then,measurethe widthofthewholepictureonthescreen(=B2). ? Refer to table 2 on page 20 to know the actual size of the field of view fortheobjectiveyoureusing(= B1) 4? Usethefollowingformula Actualsizeoftheobject(A1)=ActualsizeoftheFOV(B1)xon? screensizeoftheobject(A2) on? screensizeoftheFOV(B2) Example On a snapshot using the 4x objective, an biting louse has an on? screen lengthof10cm. Thewholepictureis20cmwide. Whatistheactualsizeoftheinsect? ______________________________ 14 Lab1? Microscopy B? Second method Measuring an object using a ordered series barfileFrom Image J (using the file / open command), open the file that contains the relevant scale bar in the (T/BIO/BIO1140) new10X. jpg for the 10x objective,andnew40X. jpg(forthe4xand40xobjectives). Then, using a ruler measure the following distances directly on the computerscreen 1? The on? screen length (or width) of the object whose size you want to determine(=A2) 2? Thewidthofthescalebaronthescreen(=B2) Younowcancalculatetheactualsizeoftheobjectusingtheformula actualsizeofobject=on? creenlengthofobjectxactualsizeofscalebar* on? screenlengthofscalebar ?A1=A2xB1 B2 *The actual siz e of the scale bar is indicated on the scale bar file (ex on the new10x. jpg file,thebarrepresents0. 2mmat10xor0. 02mmat100x)=B1 ExampleItookapictureofasmallinsectlarva,usingthe4xobjective. The larva length is 60mm on the screen. The scale bar on the new40x. jpg is 30mmandrepresents0. 2mm. Whatistheactualsizeofthelarva? _________________________Donotputthecompoundmicroscopebackinthecupboardyouwillneedit laterthisafternoon. Pointstorememberconcerningmicroscopes 1. Always work with a clean microscope. Use only the lens base provided. Dont bartocleantheslidetoo 2. Always locate the specimen under low power and work your way up to thehighpowerobjective. 3. Never use the coarse focusing knob when the high power lens is in position. Useonlythefinefocusknob. 4. Neverusethe100xin1styearlabs(wedidntteachyouhow) 5.Always readjust illumination whenever you change the objective. Too muchlightwillgiveyouablurryimagethatyoucannotfocuson. 15 Lab1? Microscopy Thestereoscopicmicroscope (dissectingm icroscope) The stereoscopic microscope, also called stereoscope or dissecting microscope, is used to view objects that are too large or too thick to observeunderthecompoundmicroscope. Stereo microscopes are always equipped with two oculars producing a stereoscopic or three? dimensional image. Unlike the compound microscope,theimageisnotinverted.Our stereo microscopes provide magnification in the range of 6. 7X ? 45X using a zoom? type lens system. By rotating a dial located on the right side of the stereo microscope head, the viewer obtains a continuous change of magnification. Our stereo microscopes can be used with reflected or transmitted light. Reflected light is directed unto opaque specimens from above and is reflected to the viewer. Transmitted light is used with translucent specimens and passes through the specimen from beneath the stage and intotheviewerseyes.Useofthestereoscopicmicroscope 1. On the Biolabo home page left click on Stereoscope (Dissecting microscope)andtheno nStereoscopesetup. 2. ClickonStep1andreaditcarefully. nurseastereomicroscopefromthe samecupboardasyourcompoundmicroscopeifyouhaventyet. 3. Clickonandreadsteps2through7. 4. Placeacoinonthestage. 5. Using the focussing knob on either side of the arm, lower or raise the objective until the coin is in focus. Examine it in both reflected and transmittedlight.Which is best for an opaque specimen? Try the various magnifications by traveling the zoom knob. The reflected light source is sympathetic to a spotlight anditsorientationcanbeadjustedmanually. Tryrotatingthelightupwards anddownwards. 6. Examineothermaterialssuchasbrine shrimplarvae(Artemia)inawatch glass using both reflected and transmitted light. Add 1? 2 drops of proto? slow solution to slow down the larvae. Estimate the actual size of one larva__________ 16 Lab1? Microscopy ProkaryoticandEukaryoticcellsIt has long been recognized that living organisms are composed of basic structural and running(a) units called cells. Cells c an be divided into two general types prokaryotic and eukaryotic, based on the presence of a nucleusandothermembraneboundorganellesinthelatter. Prokaryotic cells belong to 2 big groups archaea and eubacteria. They are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells (typically 1? 5m). These unicellular organismsmaybesmall,buttheyarethemostabundantorganismsonthe planet, representing about half the biomass (Biology, Brooker et al. 010, McGraw? Hill&Ryerson). They are devoid of membrane bound organelle such as the nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplasts. Their inheritable material is usually composed of one circular chromosome plus other extra chromosomalelementscalledplasmids. Eukaryotic cells are usually much larger. They possess a membrane bound nucleus, their organelles are more complex and numerous, and their genome is larger than prokaryotes. Eukaryotic organisms can be uni? or multicellular. You will have a chance to observe many eukaryotic cells duringthissemesterAmoeba,Lilly,Whitefish.In t odays exercise you will take a first look at the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as the diversitywithinthesegroups. You should familiarize yourselves with a whole array of cellular structures and organelles you will probably encounter during the course of this exercise. Before your scheduled lab session, hold open down the definition and functionforeachofthefollowingtermsplasma(cell)membrane,cellwall, protoplast,cytoplasm,vacuoles,nucleus,nucleolusandchloroplasts.EukaryoticCellsElodea(plant) 1? Get a young young Elodea leaf from the jar. Mount it in a drop of water on a clean microscope slide with the convex side of the leaf uppermost. shroudthepreparationwithacoverslip. 2? Observe the preparation at 4X, then at 10X. If you see brownish oval structures on the leaf surface, ignore then. These are probably epiphytic diatoms. Concentrateyourattentiononthecellsnearthecentralribatthe baseoftheleafandonthemarginalcellsatthe go onoftheleaf. Canyoudistinguishseverallayersmakinguptheleaf? ____ ? What is the average length ______ and width ______ of the cells in micrometres? 17 Lab1? Microscopy 3? Focussingat40Xlocatethecellwall,thevacuole,thecytoplasmandthe numerousgreenchloroplasts. ? What important biological process takes place in the chloroplasts? _____________________________________ ? Whatpigmentisresponsiblefortheirgreencolouration? ________________________________________________ ? Whatistheshapeofchloroplasts? ____________________________________________ ? atomic number 18thechloroplastsmoving? Whatsortofmovement? _________________________________________________ ? Thephenomenonyouareobservingiscalledcytoplasmicstreaming or cyclosis. What do you think the function of such a process could be? ___________________________________________________ 4? You have probably realised that the plasma membrane cannot be seen in plant cells. It is too thin to be resolved with the compound microscope.In order to see the true l imiting boundary of the cytoplasm it is necessary to treat the cells in such a manner that the plasma membrane becomes withdrawn away from the rigid cell wall. This can be done by placing the cell in a strong salt solution. This will cause water to turn out out of the cell by osmosis, thereby decreasing the cell volume. The unaffected cell wall remainsinitsoriginalstate. Whatcanthenbeseenisaspacebetweenthe cellwallandthelimitingboundaryoftheprotoplast(thecellminusthecell wall)whichtherebybecomesvisible. Remove your Elodea slide from the microscope stage. Delicately remove the coverslip, add one drop of 5% NaCl solution then put backthecoversliponyourpreparation ? Refocus at 40x (dont forget you must first focus at 4X, then 10X andfinallyat40x). ? Are the cells plasmolyzed? (If not wait a while longer). How do they looklikenow? ______________________ ? Hasthecellwallbeenaffected? _________________ ? What becomes of the large central vacuole during plasmolysis? ______________________ _______________________________ TakeapictureofaplasmolyzedElodeacell. Howdoesitcompareto thepreviouspicture? 18 Lab1? Microscopy ProkaryoticCellsLyngbya(eubacteriacyanobacteria) 1. Take a close look at the sample in the jar. Which colour would best describeitsappearance? ___________________ 2. Preparea cockeyedmountoffreshLyngbyabythefollowingprocedure ? With forceps or an eye dropper, put a very small amount of green matteronacleanslide ? Addadropofwaterfromthejar. ? Carefully place a coverslip over it. Make sure it lies flat on the preparation.Dont worry if there are just a few air bubbles. With practice, your skills will improve. However, if too many air bubbles are present, your preparation risks to dry out very quickly during viewing,compromisingyourobservations. 3. Startingwiththe4Xobjective,focusonyourpreparation. ? Canyouseenumerousgreenfilaments? _______ ? Arethefilamentsmoving? __________ 4. Switchtothe10Xthenthe40Xobjectiveandfocususingthefinefocus knobonly ? Doyouseethei ndividualcellsmakingupeachfilament? ________ ? Estimatethewidthofonefilamentinmicrometres_______ Whatsthefilamentwidthin millimetres(mm)? ________ ? REMEMBER You are working with living cells. Work quickly and keep your specimen wet at all times. Dead, dry or damaged biologicalpreparationsareuseless. Returningthemicroscopesafteruse After completing all observations, turn and click the low power objective (4X)onthecompoundmicroscopeintoposition. Removetheslidefromthestageandreturnittoitscorrectbox. Wipethestageswithacleanpapertowel. Carefullydisconnectthecamerafromthefirewirecable.Make sure you turned off the light on each microscope, then unplug the powercordandmakealoosecoilofitaroundtheeyepieces. Returnthemicroscopeinthecupboard. 19 Lab1? Microscopy TAs will check that you properly returned the microscopes in the cupboard withthecordproperlyattachedandnoslidepresentonthe stage. You will losemarksforthislab(andotherlabs)ifyoudontdoso. Evaluation A short essay on microscope compone nts, specimen observations and measurementofobjectswilltakeplaceatthebeginningofLab2.Beontime,thequizwillstartat230. References 1? Metricsystem(seealsoappendixIVattheendoflabmanual) 1centimetrecm=10? 2metres(m) 1millimetremm=10? 3metres 1micrometre? m=10? 6metres 1nanometrenm=10? 9metres 2? Sizeofcamerafieldofviews(fov) Table2FieldsofViewOlympusCX41CompoundMicroscope Objective 4X 10X 40X 100X Camerafieldofview (widthinmm) 1. 75 0. 70 0. 175 0. 070 Table3FieldsofViewOlympusSZ61TRDissectingMicroscope ZoomSetting 0. 67X 0. 8X 1X

Police Discretion Essay

Discretion is wizard of the tools utilise by patrol military officers discretion that allows them to conciliate to changing conditions in society. This vital aspect of his position helps the officer to fairly and equitably apply and enforce the laws he has sworn to uphold. Using Discretion At close to point in their lives, everyone uses discretion at one time or another(prenominal). In the case of the police officer, however, discretion is an invaluable skill used in the performance of every aspect of his job function.When an officer detains a person for any reason, he must be able to qualify and rationalize his reasoning for the stop. If he is unable to do so, he may find himself not only in an awkward situation legally, only if potentially a life-threatening one. Officers use professional discretion in a myriad of ways, from the more mundane pulling a vehicle over because an officer find a motorist demonstrating suspicious behavior to entering a home without a warrant due t o exigent circumstances. Either way, there must be a policy in effect to control arbitrary discretion.Discretion under Control Controlling discretion should start long before the hiring butt begins. The most suitable method would be a double-pronged test. The first examination would be a formal, standardized, psychological test complyed up with an oral review of unique(predicate) situations that an officer might run across on a daily basis. Once a candidate is hired, role-playing would be the next logical avenue to follow to hone and maintain an officers abilities to handle a wide variety of situations.Another alternative for controlling discretion would be an agencys use of mechanical devices to monitor common areas and generate automated enforcement documents. Photo radar, red light cameras and generalized video surveillance are three examples of such(prenominal) measures. This may be a viable option for satisfying the community and making sure that all laws are enforced free o f bias or opinion. Using these methods, all applicable laws and policies are followed and difference is kept to a minimum. Full Enforcement Smoke and MirrorsSociety is under the impression that police officers are in compliance with the complete, unilateral enforcement of all laws. This mythical aspect of policing does more harm than good in most situations since this false impression can lead to feelings of discrimination or persecution. The reality of the situation is that police officers beat considerable, although unofficial, latitude in their decision-making process for day-to-day operations. Officers are paid to make specialized decisions through a prism of their training, experience and totality of the circumstances. (Petrocelli, 2007)Police officers are allowed to diverge from full enforcement for numerous reasons and in a wide variety of different manners. However, the law and departmental policy must set limits on the amount and extent of discretion on the part of the of ficers. To that end, a number of different scenarios can be examined and the implications of an officers judgment can be seen. Actions and Reactions Here are some examples of actions and reactions that can affect, or are the result, of an officers exercise of his discretion.When it comes to the use of force, the police must exercise caution. For instance, when an officer finds himself with a suspect that he is absolutely certain knows the whereabouts of a kidnapped child. After a bit of hard core inquiry the suspect is still unwilling to give the location of the child. In order to obtain a confession, the officer might feel he is justified in using a considerable amount of force in acquiring this information. However, case law states that this would be an unreasonable method of obtaining a confession, even if a childs life was at stake.On the other hand, when exigent circumstances occur, a police officer is forced to use his discretion on the spot. A dispatched officer arrives at t he scene of a homicide of a well-known resident. Repeated failed attempts to contact the victims spouse at his residence have created a sense of urgency among the officers to prevent any further unnecessary loss of life. In this case, entry into the residence without a warrant is justified. (Dempsey & Forst, 2005) This scenario leads us to another area of discretionary action reasonable suspicion.If an officer observes a person who appears to be carrying a c at a timealed weapon, he is completely within his authority to add a stop and frisk. However, the officer must have more than just a gut feeling, he must actually have some reason to believe that the person has a weapon (e. g. a large bulge in the back of the shirt, the grip of a pistol protruding from a belt, etc). The officer cannot just randomly stop a passer-by on the street and frisk them simply because he thinks he might have a weapon. One common misconception is that all arrests by police officers require that the suspec t be advised of his or her Miranda rights.However, Mirandizing a suspect is not always a mandatory procedure. For example, if a suspect has been arrested and charged with a crime but not read his Miranda rights, the only complication this causes for the police is that it precludes them from using anything the suspect says as evidence against him or her in court. It is conceivable that an officer has more than enough evidence to prove his case against the offender and it is reasonable for an officer to refrain from advising him or her of his rights in such a case. (Nolo, n. . )However, should the police act on the information from non-Miranda statements or confession, any evidence found, is considered fruit of the poisonous tree and is inadmissible in court. Lastly, the police can face the issue of denial of counsel. During a custodial detention interrogation, a suspect requests an attorney and the police inform the suspect that one will be provided. If the officer continues an adver sarial conversation without the suspects legal counsel present, any information obtained in not admissible in court.Furthermore, once a suspect has requested an attorney, the officer must immediately cease the interrogation or they are in violation of the suspects well-bred rights.Conclusion As we can see, the use of discretion on the part of the police is an integral part of their job. Without discretion, the police would have no choice but to enact a policy of full enforcement, which is likely to result in considerable distress among the communities. Control of discretionary behavior is vital, however, to ensure that discrimination is minify and the law is appropriately enforced.

Hotel and Marketing Mix

B629- Managing 2 Marketing and Finance EMA Problem related to market placeing meld and exertion mea acceptedment By Yennifer Pereira (PI A8407709) August 2012 Contents Word count 2415 Section 1. Description of my organisation 2. Description of the marketing mix 3. Identify, analyse and t every last(predicate)y a conundrum relating marketing mix 4. Solution 5. Identify, analyse and tote up a problem relating performance management 6. Solution 7. References 1. Description of my organisationTravelodge is budget hotel brand that was launch on the UK in 1985 and currently operates more than 450 hotels in Ireland, Spain and the UK. The caller is growing very fast and is planning to operate more than 70,000 board, approximately everywhere 1000 hotels by 2020 and be the biggest hotels operator in London by the 2012 Olympics. Around eight million people stay with Travelodge every year, booking the inhabit online at the go withs webpage. The chain employs more than 6000 staff and is currently owned by Dubai international Capital which acquires the chain on 2006.I had been working in Travelodge for three years, working my way through from chambermaid, receptionist to assistant coach-and-four, currently been in position lest that 6 months and still learning the comp whatever targets and digest in the market. soon Travelodge is undergoing their biggest remodelling in their hotels in cabaret to adopt back the nodes lost to Premier Inn their biggest competitors in the low budget market, due to the poor quality in customer service and the quality of service in the previous years. . Description of the marketing mix Marketing mix is refer as creating the right attach that volitioning attract the attention of their customers and this arsehole be through by creating the right product, at the right price, in the right family using the get hold of promotions. Travelodge pulmonary tuberculosiss the marketing mix technique on their daily basics as part of t he revenue group to generate the savers prices that we use online.Travelodge proud itself from providing low prices and rifle and clean-living rooms to our main s run intoholders which be our customers, but in order to achieve that they must(prenominal) tolerate a revenue team in load of controlling the prices and promotions put online according to the location of the hotel, time of year and other douses, our revenue team works in this by using the 7 Ps of marketing. To start of they focus in the Product Our product provide always be de same in all the hotels a clean and fresh rooms Price This is fetching into consideration after the hotel is analysing dep exterminateing the time of year, location, size and other features.For example to book a room in February during the week in Bournemouth entrust cost you if book in advance as little as ? 19 per night, the same hotel excessively book in advance for the same day of the week will cost you as much as ? 80, due to the lo cation and the season, in the other hand if you book a hotel in Bournemouth townspeople centre will normally cost you around 20% more that a road side hotel near Bournemouth. That is why is crucial to analyse all the sights in the beginning setting the prices.Place This is crucial when planning the revenue of the hotel as a road side hotel will non be as busy as a city centre hotel, or a seasonal hotel is not as profit adequate in winter as a London hotel in the main shopping street in the same period. Promotion Travelodge on the daily basic our coming out with promotions to encourage customers to stay with us, a erect example of this is that if you book online or by ph ace on the day, you will get a 10% discount quite that booking direct everywhere the desk.We also encourage guest to purchase food and beverages by always making sure we permit a bun in the oven promotions available. People Travelodge focus on hiring the correct team to ensure that our customers has the best s ervice as possible from the moment they book all the way to the moment they check out. This can only be achieved by providing the right training and developing the right skills to ensure customers receive the best customer service. Processes Travelodge nsures that all our hotels t hold backers the same process across all the company, by ensuring that customers be deal correctly, that layout looks fairly similar, that we provide same services across the hotels and that we always are providing the correct service. Physical evidence This is the evidence that our customer sees when he comes into a Travelodge and sees that staff all in uniform, everything branded, currently this is our main problem that not all the hotels look the same due to the layout and most of then require a brand update. . Identify, analyse and summarise a problem relating marketing mix Identify Our main focus in Travelodge is pleasing our customers by providing affordable, clean and fresh rooms, but as Travelodg e been open since 1985, is difficult to provide the same standard in every hotel, the main problem that we currently have is that our hotels look altogether different due to the different refurbishment that we had have over the years, as Travelodge opens a new hotel a new trial put to deaths in that hotel and is use for a few years.Currently when a customer walks into a room in Travelodge they never know what to expect as no all Travelodges look the same. crumple As a customer you expect when you walk into a hotel that will look as similar to the other hotels of the same brand, but when a company has been open for more than 26 years is difficult to maintain the same standard across their hotels. Travelodge is currently having an issue with the Physical evidence in his marketing mix, which is affecting the corporate image in overall.This issue has arise due to cost issues, the company main target in previous years was to overlook revenue in building and opening new hotel, as new building arise new refurbishment thinkers follow, and different layout happen without been concern on the image and standardization of the brand. Even though Travelodge has been very good in maintaining a set a strict rule about the advertisement provide in each hotel, all the leaflets and brochures were the same and similar supplier use, the actual hotels rooms due not comply with the corporate image. This in overall affects the perspective not only of the customer, but the staff members.This links with the concept that in that respect are four critical areas of winner, the customer perspective that if is currently no been meet, the congenital process perspective which are no recompenseing customer needs as we are providing in some cases old, out of date and damage rooms, the foundation garment and learning perspective, also no been accomplish as the repeats customers keeps using this Travelodges but no does not sees any improvement or change and the fiscal perspective which i s also no been meet due to having to spend more money in opening hotels and not instruction on refurnishing the old ones.Summary To summarise the problem Travelodge has spend too much money focusing in building new hotels, that focusing in the corporate image, due to the different layouts in rooms, location of hotels customers expectations are no been meet and this is affecting the perspective no only of their customers but also they employees. 4. Solution Travelodge has realise that this is a major issue and after 26 years has started to listen to our customers complaints and request to update the brand image and improve the rooms.Travelodge has decided to fight back and restructures the image of the company by spending ? 57 million pounds in refurbishment, which 80% of hotels should be completed by autumn, they are planning to change the room design by modify the colours, curtains, acquiring to of the range beds, updating the bathroom to a state of the art power shower, and repa int and redecorate all of the hotels in the company. 5. Identify, analyse and summarise a problem relating performance managementIdentify Travelodge Bournemouth Seafront is currently facing a major problem in performance that is affecting the hotel overall and is that due to a fall in cleanliness of the rooms we are receiving a considerable touchstone of complains on the daily basics that are affecting the way the customer sees the hotel, due to this issues are WYR is not as target by the company. Analyse Every Travelodge receives at the end of the month a scorecard in which it ill inform the hotel what is anticipate from us, in that respect are targets sets on how many rooms are sold and how much is sold over the bar, but one of the most authorized things that we look for in the score card is the WYR (Would you recommend), this are the rating that are customers gives us after they have stay with us. Unfortunately there has been a significant drop in are WYR that is affecting us dramatically. SummaryAfter investigating and speaking with our customers we have draw to he conclusion that this is due to the poor standard of cleanliness in the hotel, this was due to the manager been promoted to a new hotel and the hotel had to run through a period without manager on site, due to been the period the hotel was all the time fully book subjecting on the staff having to work 6 days a weeks or overtime during all the summer period and the housekeeping department did not have the amount of staff that was needed on the daily basics, as a result they had to clean everyday between 12 to 18 rooms plus there were many issues of not having the right equipment to work. To summarise the problem when the new manager took over he had to face with a big challenge, the performance of the hotel and the targets are not been meet. As a company we use a scorecard (figure 1) that armed services us measure the performance of the hotel this divides the hotels into different areas and is clear for as to know that areas that we are failing from the scorecard, if we are doing well a green scorecard can be seen and if is moderate performance will be amber and bad performance will be show in red which is what we are facing in the WYR.Are WYR is specifying that room cleanliness is not what customers are expecting this is a result of the issues seen above but also poor management for the last few months as there is not set of measurements in place in the hotel at that moment to see or compare to what is a good room to what in reality we are offering, we did not have the appropriate budget to buy the materials that we require in the hotel or is not been manage appropriately in order to last the time that is require to last. In overall due to poor management during the last month as the consistent of the hotel cleanliness are not been meet and as there was not a manager to be answerable for the hotel or to set targets, the hotel performance drop. 6. SolutionThere are m any solutions to resolve this issue the best way possible but it has to be a solution that will benefit the hotel performance and quick and effectively as possible so to improve I come out with a list of effects that can be taking place to start improving the cleanliness of the rooms. The first issue that the manager should so is decentralise the hotel into areas and give different areas for the assistant managers to focus on, for example one to be responsible for food and beverage, one for health and safety and one for housekeeping area, with the manager overlooking all the department and making sure that everything runs smoothly.The assistant manager or person responsible in the housekeeping department will have to implement the following plan in order to success in the parturiency set firstly is crucial to start by re training the entire housekeeping department in order for then to know what is expected of then and the standards that we need to achieve, secondly an order of pro ducts will need to be process in order for housekeeping to have the materials needed to clean the rooms and get the cleanliness up to date, retrain the staff in effectively using the products that they have available without wasting anything, next step will be to bring in sure that a set of caper are in place of the linen porter such as cleaning the public areas and making sure that linen and materials are in hand to be use by housekeeping so they do not waste any time having to materialize then, extra cleaning activities must be set for housekeeper to carry out then every month that can be from a range of task such a kettle discalers, changing shower curtains, mattress protectors and making sure that all the rooms have all the high level dusted done regularly, to spinning top it all daily room checks will have to be carry out by the managers, housekeepers and staff to make sure that every room that is devoted to a customer is clean as is expected not only by the customer but a lso by the company. If all of this issues are been done as instructed there such be a difference in the rooms in a short period of time that will service of process the WYR that in overall will help not only in getting a green scorecard but will make customers satisfy with their stay and willing to repeat their stay with us.Is important to notice that to be able to achieve this a considerable amount of money will have to be spend in getting all the cleaning materials that are require in order to turn around the state of the rooms and a lot of time will be needed to retrain all the housekeeping department in achieving the task but all the managers and hotel staff in making sure the correct rooms checks are carry out daily. 7. References Open University (2009) B628, Managing and managing people OU Milton Keynes. www. travelodge. co. uk B629 Understanding Marketing and Financial Information EMA Part 2 Activities and outputs (weeks 15-19) hebdomad 15, use 1 Table 15. Advice on outsour cing parks and gardens maintenance operations Problem identification Outsourcing parks and gardens maintenance in order to be in budget for the next three years Analysis (investigation) The company has the option to either try to outsource or to maintain the team they already have and try to save the money if possible. Analysing what their currently expenses are and what the company is offering then is give way to outsource as the company will run why all the extra be if they are needed such as extra staff, equipment and other materials. culmination to the analysis (results of the investigation) To conclude is a better idea to contract the maintenance company for 3 years as they will maintain the same price for the three years and the council will be already conscious of how much is expending The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations It may take time to adapt to the changes to a new company and as a result staff will suffer from down sizing and being transfer but in overall will result in a profitable result for the council Week 15, Activity 2 Activity 2- Comparison of absorption and marginal costing The major difference between one and another is that the marginal costing will take into consideration all the variable costs that take to get the product which as a result will always vary from the absorption costs as this will only show just the percentage that the person that asks to sell will want to add on MARGINAL COST = VARIABLE COST DIRECT LABOUR + DIRECT MATERIAL + DIRECT EXPENSE + VARIABLE OVERHEADS Week 15, Activity 3 Activity 3- 1. Why organisations prepare budgets To control better the resources they have and make the company profitable 2. Differences between direct and indirect costs? two costs should be represented in the pecuniary repute to make a clear picture of the reality of the fiscal situation of the company 3. doctor and variable costs?Fixed costs are those that will never change and variables can change at any time so is important to present both clearly in the financial reports Week 16, Activity 1 Activity 1 Smallville accounts The differences between creating a income and expenditure account rather that receipts and buckle underments account is that the income and expenditure will explain all that goes on in the worry including the loss and profits, will show any outstanding payments from faithors and provides a clear understanding of what is expend and in what areas as how much of the declivity is being use. Week 16, Activity 2 Activity 2 Balance tag for Musical instruments Business Sources ? 000 Resources ? 00 Owners capital 750 Fixed assets 970 Loan 500 Stock 300 Creditors 300 Cash 280 1550 1550 Week 16, Activity 4 Table 16. 2 Advice on maximising reported profit figure Problem identification Maximising the report profit figure in order to finish the end of year with a favourable performance Analysis (investigation) Robin Williams the o wner and chief executive of a catering service business is interested in getting new assesses to his company but in order to do that he needs to provide all the information available to get the financial support he needs, his purpose is to improve the financial report by either postponing or going ahead with a few transactions, The focus of this report is to provide as much support in order to make the correct decision. 1. First transaction with is spend ? 50. 00 in advertising which will amplification in sales by 20% in the next financial year- Perhaps way is a lot of capital that will be invested and will only result in increase in sales for next year. 2. Take out goods for his own use- this has to be postponing as will show a lost in goods and not an increase in income. 3. Sell goods in cite- this is a great investment as will show in the financial report still as sales but in account. 4.Replace a motor van that will cost ? 6000, e ven though this cost will be divided in 6 years it will still show an investment of ? 1000 this financial year 5 . Purchase stocks at a lower price- can be done as will show that we have that quantity on assets and has not been a loss to the company. resultant to the analysis (results of the investigation) To conclude I think that by investing in purchasing goods for a lower price, sell to a customer in credit will help his financial report as even though he will losses in stock he will gain the sales in credit and even though he will lose the capital that we will use to buy stock, will increase his stock The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations By making this changes and at the beginning of the financial year invest in advertisement which will help him sell the stock purchase at discount and buy a new van will provide him with a very profitable end of year report and a target for beginning of next financial year. Week 17, Activ ity 1 1. Companies hold some assets in form of hard currency to be able to pay for the expenses they are incurred in the hotel, for example to pay for suppliers, pay bills and other expenses 2. Holding too much cash in a business can be risky as it is not providing with any investment either in the bank or as stock for the business. 3. The costs of having too little stock is not making the business look very profitable and there is the risk that when stock is needed there is not any cash available to purchase what is needed for the business Week 17, Activity 3 Table 17. Solution to a working capital problem in my organisation Problem identification Working capital stock taking too long to be refund Analysis (investigation) Due to the constitution that we have to order food products to be deliver next day, confirmer delivery and process payment which takes 30 days to be pay to the company, there are major problems with the items that are not being deliver to the hotels as it is taking too long for the company to get the payment and realise which item has not been deliver Conclusion to the analysis (results of the investigation) To conclude is crucial that a way is set in which the company is aware of any item that has not been deliver in order to speed up the process of redelivery The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations Both companies must agree in the desire idea to resolve the problem which is time consuming Strengths and weaknesses of the recommendations Time consuming, staff needs to be re train which will be cost effectively Week 18, Activity 3 Financial performance For the hotel that I work for, is required a set of financial reports on the daily basics to be able to get the banking done. These reports consist on the daily trial banking which will explain in detail how much was taking on the daily basics on the different method of payments from example how much was taking in cash, visa, MasterCard, Americ an express and also how much was taking as a prepay before the guest arrive in the hotel.The other report that we use and is very important for us is the credit cards reports as we need to compare the credit cards against what is showing in the pdq slips reports that are printed 3 times at day at the end of any shift, this will conform that staff is taking the corrected amount of money and reporting it on the system that we use. Third set of reports that are use are the guest on house which explains to use how many guest are in house, which room number are the staying, rate pay and any extra packages, the vacant and occupy rooms which are the reports use in case of a fire and to conclude the arrival list with a list of the guest arriving, rate pay and any packages or special requested. Week 19, Activity 2 Problem identification Advice MD about ways in which he can restructure Spellman in order to improve performance. Analysis (investigation) Currently Spellman is a very profitab le company that focus on buying and selling machinery for ice cream manufactures and also is focusing in providing repairs to their machinery. The problem that they are facing is that there is one person in charge of making all the decisions and coming out with all the solutions, resulting in problems within the company as there is de motivation, miss of product information and other issues. The best propose idea to resolve this problem is for the MD to pack a group of managers that will focus in different areas of the country, in order for every employee to have a manager to respond to and get support, and this managers to have the responsibility of making decisions and solving problems, in order to improve the slow decision problem that the company face before and provide the support needed. Conclusion to the analysis (results of the investigation) By having this group of managers available the MD will have more time to focus in improving th e business and will have to focus on dealing with this groups of managers rather that all the company. The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations Is important to understand that this is a time consuming performance that will require and investment to hire this managers and the time to hire and train the correct staff, and will take time to get the managers train correctly and aware of the business. But this will result in staff motivation restore and customers will get the support and solutions quicker. Week 19, Activity 3 The critical success factors and key performance indicators for airline scorecard The balance scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that focus on the current business activities and compares this to the vision of strategic of the organisation, and it focus in looking at four different perspectives of the business and see how they are performing , this are the financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process and learning and innovating.Focusing in Ryanair a low cost airline which operates with over 300 airlines with over 30 destinations, their strategic focus in having the low cost in the market and their entire major decisions and focus on this making this their success factor. In order to achieve this they had to take into consideration what do they customers expected for them as a company, which are a cheap, straight forward flight, as they are not expected to get any luxuries in their flights, another key performance indicators apart for their customers expectations, is the financial perspective which focus in making sure they are still been profitable, this is achieve by Ryanair by always cutting the luxuries and making sure everything is to their basics.For example charging customers for extra luggage, making sure they print their own boarding pass or pay the penalty which is up to ? 60, offering services such as seat selection and priority boarding for an extra charge, these techniques helps the company reduce costs and increase profits. Focusing in the internal business perspective this can be providing customer support when any issues arise and making sure that their flights are run across their schedules and as innovation perspective Ryanair is very clever with this as they innovate by finding new routes for their customers and competitive prices in order to maintain market position. Week 19, Activity 4Hospital cancer unit performance indicators of each of the Es Economy One performance issues that Im sure must be important is to maintain cost to certain quantity when referring to getting new beds or material because the other ones are too old, this affects the patient pouffe and the staff will have to deal with this resources that can be unsafe to use due to no having a reasonable budget, another one is no having the resources to innovate the drugs, no enough financial support to investigate and get new drugs that can help their pati ents. Efficiency Referring to using the minimum amount of resources curiously when referring to drugs can affect the patient health and the time of recovery, also no having the laboratory services available due to maintain the performance measurement can affect the quantity of patients treated and the staff motivation.Effectiveness No having the time or resources due to maintain the performance can affect the health of any patient, in the other hand no having the resources to hire and train staff that can deal and provide this treatment is very concerning Equity Proving access to everyone is crucial, due to the lack of resources and staff this is not always possible and this affects many lifes, is crucial to provide the treatment as soon as possible and often as needed to the patients to be able to save as many as possible. Personally I believe that a performance indicator in a hospital should not be the amount of money spend in treatment, in drugs, in innovating new treatments, tr aining staff or proving comfortable cash dispenser to their patients but the amount of lifes save.

Teacher/Student Memorandum

The paper aims to provide new knowledge and view in the legalization of a harmful perfume or drug. The papers plan is to let people understand the sides of argument. The topic caught my interest and I figure that drug ab spend is a unending tale in the edict that concerns every one of us. Through research on the topic, I was able to learn so much from it and the alarming statistics of hemp usage.Writing the paper is not easy. I was having a difficult succession trying to arrange the enormous facts I was able to gather and present them in a way that the reader will not be overwhelmed by it. The paper is well-researched and well-written. People will get a lot of insights from the paper. Revision is improving my report skills and the paper should be subjected first to criticisms before I will revise it.The paper is about legalization of hemp. I did not expound more on the effects of hemp to humans that might help the reader understand more of the topic. The paper is regarded as an intellectual piece that is full of knowledge and view. It serves my purpose to inform and to impart knowledge on people. I would like people to react on what they think of the data and if they agree or disagree on the proposal of legalizing the drug. I want people to be critical when they read my paper.Should marijuana be Legalized?One of the most persistent problems of the society is drug addiction. do drugs addiction is a very crucial dilemma in the society. Using illegal drugs poses threats not only on the health of the people but it excessively creates other dangers to the society. One of the illicit drugs that be commonly used by people is the marijuana.The use of marijuana is the most common in the unite States (NIDA InfoFacts Marijuana). There are various reasons why some people attempt to use marijuana. And as such, when the individual has been addicted to it, dependency, withdrawal symptoms and the craving for the drug happen upon it difficult and almost impossibl e to quit using the drug. Long duration of marijuana intake can lead to peoples addiction on the substance.They feel the need to use the drug even though it interferes with their school, family and amateur activities. As the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, statistics shows that over 83 million Americans within a particular age bracket have tried to use marijuana at least once.The use of marijuana is considered illegal according to the current legal system. But there are arguments clamoring for the legalization of the use of marijuana due to the claims of its health benefits in some psychological and mental conditions. But the legalization of the drug posed new problems of drug abuse especially among children and adolescents.Marijuana ( halter Sativa)Marijuana is the psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis Sativa. The drug is composed of the dried flowers and leaves of the plant. Evidences claimed that marijuana is used since the early times and during the 20 th century due to its prevalent use in medicinal, spiritual and recreational purposes. Evidences have proven the existence of the marijuana and its relevance in the religious rituals and practices of other countries.Marijuana is consumed in various ways. Inhaling and oral intake of marijuana are both of the most common ways of using the substance. Over the years, certain devices such as joints and smoking pipes were developed to aid in the intake of marijuana. Each society has a different method in preparing the plant before it can be consumed.The increasing use of this drug both for legal and illegal purposes became alarming. And as such, the possession, intake and selling of the various psychoactive substances from cannabis became illegal in most countries. Thus, majority of the countries have already enforced laws prohibiting the proliferation of the drug.Intake of marijuana is most of the time detrimental to the health of the people dependent on it. A recent study conducted by the Canadian researchers found out that the smoke coming from the marijuana contains a higher level of toxic substances than the normal tobacco smoke. The toxic substances include ammonia and hydrogen cyanide do it a greater endangerment for health problems (Marijuana Smoke Contains Higher Levels of Certain Toxins than Tobacco Smoke).Legal Status and Decriminalization of MarijuanaSince the start of the 20th century, most countries have already enacted laws prohibiting the possession, finish and use of marijuana. The laws created considerable impacts on the legal and non-recreational purposes of the plant. Because of this, there are some regions wherein the handling of the cannabis sativa is considered legal.There are jurisdictions that lessened the penalties for the possession and use of marijuana in small quantities. The offense is penalized by a fine or confiscation of the substance, instead of imprisonment. The laws focused more on the trafficking of the drug in the black mark et.Some jurisdictions, on the other hand, focused on the treatment and rehabilitation of the children and frequent users of marijuana. Other jurisdictions allowed the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Some countries retain the restrictive notion making drug tests mandatory, particularly in Canada, Denmark, Netherlands and United Kingdom. In some countries, simple possession of the drug is punishable by life sentence or execution.Although the use of marijuana remains as illegal, marijuana possesses a superior safety record as compared with other legal drugs. Misuse of over-the-counter and prescription drugs had caused goal to a great number of Americans each year, while marijuana is one of the drugs with the lowest cause of fatality.There has not yet been a known case of over-dosage for marijuana causing death (Gerber & Sperling 84). Despite the instituted laws that prohibit possessing, cultivating, using and selling of marijuana, many people are opposing the enacted law and claim for the decriminalization of the handling of marijuana.The claims are based on the health benefits and non-drug purposes served by the plant. One of the non-drug purposes of the marijuana is its function in the industry. The common name of marijuana is hemp and cultivation license may be acquired from the European Union for the industrial purposes of marijuana. Fiber and fuel are the main products of industrial hemp cultivation.

Evaluate the Impact of Changes in the Economic Environment

Evaluate the impact of changes in the economic environment on a selected line of descent D1 After respective(a) changes to the economic tax and interest rate, CPHP have conducted and compiled research into current overt spending. The results show that there has been a dramatic reduction in the level of public spending in the UK. The changes in economic environment allow affect a business, the profit of the business will be affected because its affect the cost and income of a business, which are the main aspect of a business.If Tesco decides to change the price of their goods, for example the price of their doughnut in 2009 was 5 pieces for a pound, a bonnie price for students but with the economic environment it affected everything with the introduction of VAT from 17. 5% to 20% made the price of the doughnut to now cost near 1. 30p the change is affordable for some the great unwashed but for other people it is not affordable. The reality of this economic environment is that when the price change and it becomes higher, consumers get little happy and this affects our range of time of buying certain products.The article above shows how the economic environment tax income is affecting prices as a whole, the price of cigarettes and intoxicant in going to increase. This will affect Tesco because this is where they make most of their sales from. They have almost to sessions for both cigarettes and alcohol. When these products increase, it means their sales on these products will shave because not a lot of customers will still be buying these products.Another policy that will affect the business Tesco is the fact their employee cant work at more than 39 hours, this policy will have impact on the business because they will have to recruit more workers and especially for the big 24 hours Tesco. This will affect Tesco income because it will increase the rate of their outcome because they will spend a lot of money on paying their workers. Another central econ omic environment impact will be the fact that Tesco will have to apply for more loans to be able to successfully run the business until its able to make enough money by itself and rely only on their income.This will affect Tesco growth because the loans will affect their income, exchange flow and business image. Tesco will pay more and profit will drop. Tesco also have social factors that affect them, as the business have brotherly love centre in helping the less privilege people and the more these people gets poor, the more they will have to stretch to help out which also spending money. Recession causes unemployment, this will affect the demand for goods and Tesco profit will drop.An economic factor that might affect Tesco is the demand of the consumer and customer which will ebb with the different problems people are having in the world. As the demand decrease so the economy of the business will decrease and the profit of the business will decrease too. This refers in the fisc al and monetary, for example since when the government decided to raise the VAT from 17. 5% to 20%, the business increase their goods price and due to that mind the customers do not grease ones palms enough goods like they used.Social factors refer in the trend of customer which keeps changing their trend, and what the trend of their purchase. For example nowadays due to peoples work, they are really busy so they often decide to buy already cooked food. Technology refers in how Tesco adopt online shopping to attract customer, to purchase goods and services from the business. Another technology might be the introduction of delivery which refers in how the businesses deliver their goods around the customers address.

Direction and Purpose Essay

Metaphors provide creative im climb ons for readers. They give flavor to literature and allow free interpretation of a piece thereby making a conversation in a story, an image in a poem, a symbolism in the plot and such, more interesting. Through the use of such a figure of speech, the images atomic number 18 laid bare and presented fresh. This creates an interaction between the reader, the author and the piece as readers are made to analyze the images presented and the idea that the metaphor is arduous to introduce. It seems the poem, Manila, efficiently develops the metaphor that is the Philippines society during the colonial era, through a time furrow.It takes the problem of colonial Manila into the modern Filipino mindset. The poem begins with an introduction Lines 1-3, which gives us the first glimpse of the similarities between the city of Manila and the hermit crab. The succeeding stanzas 4-8 elaborate the physical conditions of the countrys capital and finally, the poem con cludes l9-14 with the mentality upheld by the nation. To appreciate how metaphors lay bare Espinos Manila, let us analyze the imagery create in the poem, line by line.Unlike most(prenominal) poems, Manila begins with an epigraph from Nick Joaquin, which reads Dust and crabs, dust and crabs. We can assume that this quote gives a foreview of what Federico Espinos poem will highlight. though very little is conveyed in this line, we are able to suppose that the metaphor will hold significance to the poem proper. Dust may be described as either something that depicts age or some remains of an explosion. We also k direct of crabs as an animal that crawls and has claws. Crabs are also able to survive on get for short periods of time and can literally live on dust.Manila begins with the line A hermit crab beside the tide of times, if we look at the construct of the hermit crabs as a description of Manila, the line merely tells us that time has passed. It tells us that Manila has an old hi story and that it has endured much. The next line She bears the traces of her former homes/ the shells of foreign cultures and the slime, tells us that the countrys history contributes much to its identity. The city has withstood much to the point that it is now isolated and delayed in compare to the developments of other countries.The former homes are the shells that the crab has already left behind. The foreign cultures such as that of the Spanish, British, Japanese and Americans have all freed the country, yet their influences dating top to colonial times still linger. But as hermit crabs changes its shell, Manila now looks for a new shell of protection as she enters some other era whilst trying to retain its identity. Even with the passing of time, the mix of culture is still protected and preserved, which the narrator describes as both positive and negative implying that though the foreigners have given us a rich culture, they have made us endure much slime and shit (co nsidering that slime is a gastropods mucus secretion) in order to take what was rightly ours freedom.In the succeeding lines Now she looks for food as small waves comb/Upon the shore where bits of driftwood lie, we now see a committee in the poem. Again it highlights how the hermit crab searches for something and we now see she looks for food. Keeping in mind that food is parallel to behavior since it is necessary in sustaining life the hermit crab looks for nourishment in a place which seemingly has very little to give. From Nick Joaquins Sa Loob ng Maynila, we understand the devastation in the city when it served as the center of the revolution, and we see that starting anew is difficult when one is left on what is macrocosm visualized as a deserted island.As expected, she finds nothing in her hungry quest/ Instead she hears the raucous seagulls cry/ Which is a clamor beyond the rock-ribbed nest. In these lines, the seagulls natural predators of the hermit crab are forei gn countries. We can assume that not only are we looking up at the seagulls but that they are also in a position to take advantage of us. In relation to the Philippines history, foreign countries are soaring. Other countries turn over and it is a mockery when ironically the countries we defeated fighting for our independence are now more stable than we are they still rise above us. We are still beneath them in a sense to the point we have to crawl in order to get anywhere. These lines are merely creating the image of a third world country. All seems futile, especially when you have nowhere else to go.It mocks her as she crawls upon the sand The sidewise movement of the hermit crab/ Which Dylan saw on a deserted strand/ And used as a metaphor in runes that throb It is possible that Dylan represents a foreigner (since it is a typical name for an American boy) and he saw our aimless wandering and toke advantage of it however, this is more of a hunch than a legitimate argument. Wha t is clear though, is the point of our sideways movement, which is the natural direction a hermit crab follows. By this we can concur that the movement has become innate. We are not moving forward. We want so much, yet discipline so little. Perhaps, these lines also imply that we search in all the wrong places.With life. Yes, this city is a pair of claws/ Creeping, crabbing with all its tragic flaws. These last lines of the poem sum the intent of the entire poem. Here it is implied that the people of the Philippines are aware of the damage in their society. Slowly, almost lifelessly, the Filipinos attempt to move through the things we dislike in our country. We sound off so much yet we do very little and perhaps that is our d possessfall. True there is no prefect nation, but in most nations you see a progression.In reference to Nick Joaquins opening epigraph, perhaps the dust is the remains of those countries that once colonized us. We never bothered to clean up what was left to us good and bad. Espino hints that perhaps that is why we are not moving forward, there is too much to fix all at once. And this can be related to what we call crab mentality or the Filipinos attitude of clawing at those who have gotten ahead to pull them back again. We creep and crawl in our own flaws in our own mistakes instead of picking ourselves and walking. It is our own claws that hold us back.The generalizations made by Espino are obvious. Though the title is Manila is it clear that the city, being the heart of colonial Philippines, is a synecdoche for the entire country. And when all aspects of Espinos Manila are examined, we see that the metaphor is in the intricate, descriptive design of the Philippines as a hermit crab trapped on a deserted island. Though she is attempting to escape, she is crawling blindly in no particularly direction. It seems not much has change.Though Manila was written a long time ago, it is relatively surprising that the text paints Manila in a sad, accurate manner. We fought for our freedom. Now we merely effort with it. It seems our nation cannot decide independently like a hermit crab, we depend on our symbiotic relationships. We cannot survive alone and we rely on what can be give to us by those who protect us. The dependence relayed in the poem explains why we have no direction, no purpose, and no resources. We are truly stuck.

How might ‘Naturlism’ be defined within theatrical context

How might Naturalism be defined within theatrical contexts? Movement in theatre developed late 19th century, presenting ordinary life as accurately as possible, influenced by novelists and playwrights such as Ibsen and Emile Zola. The persuasion of naturalistic plays was to limn harsh and starchlike subject matters, which would emphasize the wrongs in contemporary life which would often be frowned upon and alienate 19th-century audiences. However, by seeing the wrongs in society at that place is a believe that people leave behind try and better themselves. Naturalism existed only in its historical momentsTheatre imitating life. Naturalism brought science into the game, with to a greater extent electricity in theatres, removal of audience, putting them in the dark as if they were eavesdropping. Importance of everyday and ordinary. Potential tool for improving humanity by showing the wrongs. Brought in the quaternary wall, analytical distance. extending the idea to the imaginary boundary between the audience and the stage. Character is more important than plot/action. The model of theatre as scientific ideas and the idea that human beings are distinguished by society, like showing the ubject as a product of social forces.Playing around with that idea, like Emile Zola did in his play drip Julie dropping a high class girl into a test tube with a servant (lower class) of particular type/ character and see what happens. Playwrights attempt to get as far away from the theatrical side of plays, by using techniques such as making real metre and fictional time the same. It would always be very accurately documented, especially social fact. Lineage or Heredity always played a big part and were controlled by the environments which would explain the ehavior and status of the characters.Naturalism showed a slice of life as it really is, without putting up a show for the audience you see a gritty unpleasant side of life which pays very close attention to detail and behavior, often including battle of sexes, Heredity or Lineage and lots of psychological detail about why the characters are doing what they are doing taking their past and course through life to this point in time into consideration. Which leaves the audience to study the characters remote of what they see in front of them. Reveals the private side of life.Naturalism played a great role in later theatre evolving to Hypernaturalism and symbolism. Theatre of Naturalism will open up new perspectives for anyone interested in theory or theatre, whether scholars or the wider theatre-loving or performing public. Naturalism is a torm ot Realism, but was a more scientific approach than realism which is interested in cause and effect both inherited and environmental Human psychology Has true view of the outdoor(a) world but only focuses on whats going on the inside even though characters come and go

Personal Life and Success Essay

At what point do you stop when you shit achieved successfulness? This is a million dollar question that has pondered through the minds of hu domains for ages. Success is perceived differently in all individual. But what opinion is turn? What is the perfect formula for a successful life? Does success constitute of the amount of silver you earn or power or is success based on ecstasy? To achieve ultimate success, is contentment vital? These are the questions that make the word success so subjective.What is the correct definition of success? In the dictionary it states that it is the accomplishment of an aim or soulfulnessa. Depending on your personal purpose in life, success is achieved at different levels. Everyone has a different purpose in life that they would interchangeable to achieve. Thus, who determines what success means is based on their goals in life. Money or popularity may be souls purpose so they would define that as success. On the contrary, does living your life everyday with no regrets or not worrying around money make you a successful person? When do we know when to stop when success is finally achieved?Do you stop working for success when you have all the money in the world or do you stop when you are comfortable with your lifestyle? Particular people believe success is when you are content with the life you live, not worrying ab go forth money or the everyday struggles of life. Others may conclude success is based on your income or how niminy-piminy of an automobile you drive. It depends what you view as a satisfied lifestyle. Unfortunately our society revolves and relies on money. Though that sounds contradicting, money plays a great role in everyones lives. In order to support a family and ingest a house, currency is vital.We live in a society where money controls all. Without a decent affair and a steady income, happiness seems so distant in the modern American life. We believe getting an education and earning a salary pr ovide bring happiness and joy. I am not utter money is the key to success but its a foundation in our modern society. My spawn is a great example of how success is viewed differently in each person. He was a man who never went to college but was determine to be successful. He worked hard since he was in high teach and now works for Boat and Motors Superstore where he manages his own boat parts department.My father loves working with boats and loves his family. If you were to lease him, his life has been successful. My father measures success with how much joy is brought to his life on a regular basis. A secure job and a loving family fulfill his goal which ultimately makes him a successful person in his eyes. He does not focus on whether he has a higher income than others, my fathers man concern is security and happiness of himself and his family which is a quality that I cherish as well. The federal agency I interpret success may be unique but I believe joyfulness will be pre sent.My perspective of being successful resembles my fathers goals in life. I may not be wealthy or famous by any means but if I can maintain a stable job and a healthy family I would consider myself the nigh successful person in the world. Since the word success is more of an opinion based definition, the only office to measure success is if you are happy with the purpose you set in life that you would love to achieve. In other words, if you are happy with the person and life that is bestowed upon you today, then you have found success. What is success is a question from the past and will continue to be the question of the future.I believe there will never be one accepted answer. If that answer is ever found, please feel free to propound me. But when looking back on your life that you lived, ask yourself if you were happy. If you were, I honestly believe you will feel successful. I think success does not eer mean happiness, but happiness always means success. I may be erroneous towards the classification of the word success, but an opinion is incomplete right nor wrong. I hope one day we can call ourselves successful and find out if happiness trails along with it.

The Dark Side of Energy Drinks

The dark side of susceptibility drinks General purpose to dribble Organizational outline method or pattern problem/solution INTRODUCTION Attention getter invariably since Red Bull came on to the market in 1997, theres been an explosion in caffeinated energy drinks. Some are marketed as food and others as dietary supplements. But theres little guidance for the consumer on how much caffein is in them. limited purpose The specific purpose of my speech is to deport you to take a back up against energy drinks due to the negative effect it whitethorn cause on your body.Listener relevance link from each one of us should care about this because to many people are unaware of the ingredient that are wassail in these drinks and the consequences they may cause. Establish speaker credibility and goodwill I have knowledge by means of experience and research. Preview of main points Today, I will talk to you about the problem of energy drinks and how we trick solve them. Transition avo uchment But first, lets talk about virtually of the problems organic structure I. Anyone who is considering boosting their energy is at risk while using an energy drink. A.A story in the New York measure noted that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received reports of 13 deaths linked to an energy drink render writer vancouver. The drinks contain about 215 milligrams of caffeine, more than enough, health specialists say, to sicken children and some adults, and even send some of them to the hospital how to type a essay. B. Concerns over the potentially harmful effects of energy drinks, especially when theyre combined with alcohol, have been growing in recent years. Research suggests that individuals can develop caffeine dependence and may experience withdrawal when caffeine onsumption decreases. The caffeine in energy drinks increases heart rates, which over measure can increase your chances of stroke and heart disease. C. In a 2011 study, about 1,100 college students have been combining alcohol and energy drinks which can be very dangerous. Although it does not counteract the sedating effects of alcohol, there is a fretfulness that mixing alcohol and energy drinks may keep people awake for a longer detail of time, allowing them to consume more alcohol than they ordinarily would.D. Energy drinks have a lot of stimulants in them same ginseng and taurine, while alcohol is a depressant. So by mixing the two youre sending merge messages to your nervous system which can cause cardiac related problems or even death. Transition statement Now I would like to talk about some effective solutions for energy drinks and the problem it may cause. II. There are several was to help reduce energy drinks related risks A. Study the ingredients of any drink before purchasing.Know which of these ingredients are likely to pose risk to your health. Learn the level recommended for consumption. Regulate ones consumption to reduce addiction and do not mix with alcohol . B. Once we are aware of the ingredients contained in energy drinks and the side effects resulting from their consumption, we can make a concerted effort to limit approachability to these drinks. C. We as adults should become proactive. Knowledge is power and alerting each other and our teens to the potential danger of these beverages is vital.CONCLUSION Specific purpose restatement The purpose of my speech was to persuade you to create awareness about the potential dangers associated with the consumption of energy drinks. Main point summary I have spoken to you about some of the problems and solution to persuade you to think twice before consuming energy drinks. Clincher Red bull can rattling give you, your wings. REFERENCES Meier, Barry. More Than a Case of the Jitters. New York Times 24 Oct. 2012 B1(L). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context.

Positive Effects Can Come From a Lower Birth Rate Essay

In the non-so-distant past, on that point was a military man wide effort to create postal code state growth. The environmental uproar in the 1970s had scientists convinced that with 4 billion or so passel on that designinget, Earth had reached her carrying capacitance. The basic premises was that there wasnt enough room for entirely the masses being born(p) and that there definitely would non be enough room when we reached 2050 and a project nation of 11 billion (Cohen, 1). Though the spheric warming predicts had not begun yet, there were commodious concerns that the planet could not produce enough food for 11 billion people and that we would be overpowering resources at such an alarming pace that being would die from as well umpteen people.Flash advancing thirty years and now, industrialized countries across the world ar expressing concern that they may guide been too hasty in their condemnation of existence growth. In fact, many argon stamp outright worried round their population declines or very slow population growth. They express concern that the scrimping gallop whirl as the burden of the elderly is too great for the younger multiplication to support and care for. wear upon leaders engage there lead not be enough people to do the range that impoverishments done and opposites decry the trend as the true end of the British Empire and the office of Western Civilization as those are the countries with declining stimulate rates. The simplex fair play is that a low birth rate merchantman be a positive choice for the industrialized world, if considered in the right light. This musical theme allow for look at many of the factors contri onlying to the declining population and the effectuates that are likely because of a population decline.To understand how this situation developed, it is interesting to review the last 900 years of human sexuality. In his turn up Two Successive Motivations for the Declining Birth arr ay in the West, Phillippe Aries argues that since the Middle Ages, the shift in societal norms had lead to the declining birth rate. The Church enticed people to a moral stance against pre-marital sex and as the economy evolved from largely agrarian to industrial and even retail based, the large family was no thirster an frugal necessity (646).In an agrarian society, children were a source of cheap labor and a financial gratuity to their parents. The cost of feeding and clothing them was much than made up for by their assistance in earning the family sustenance. scarcely as societies moved away from the furtherm, children became an expense. Indeed, Aries writes, the trend to significantly littler families began in the Middle Ages and proceed unabated until the fluff Boom after the end of World War II (647).The trend toward smaller families was also a sign of planning and forethought. It was assumed that a smaller family could even be considered a measure of self-control and The less the children, the more care and attention that could be devoted to each (Aries, 647) As society became more mobile and people were no longer trapper in the social class that they were born in, people chose smaller families with the idea that they could provide more opportunities for that smaller family and their children would pay back greater economic probability that they did (648). In addition, in the mid-1970s concerns about overpopulation ran rampant.By the mid 1990s, they were in crisis mode. In Science magazine in 1995, JE Cohen wrote, Earths cognitive content to support people is determined both by natural const fallts and by human choices concerning economics, environment, culture (including values and politics), and demography. Human carrying capacity is accordingly dynamic and uncertain. (341). Though scientists argued about what that carrying capacity might be, they warned rabidly that if the exponential population growth were not stopped the capacity wou ld be reached in our childrens lifetime if not our own.Further complicating things was an environmental movement that claimed deforestation to turn the land into agricultural output signal as causing soil erosion and pollution accelerated than we could imagine. If the world growth continued unabated, the population would reach that carrying capacity much sooner because the Earth would be too polluted to sustain life. stock-still now, in An Inconvenient Truth Nobel Prize winner Al Gore points out that trees cut down to provide grazing land for cattle are contributing to global warming because the living trees would pick out cut carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Though Gore does not make the leap, it is there to behold. Too many people mover more land devoted to food production which means fewer trees and faster global warming.With all that in trust, it is no wonder then that people chose to have smaller families or no families at all. And that is where the new scientific debate and political nightmare began. The United Nations reports that 75 portion of the industrialized nations of the world have reached zero population growth including the United States and most of Western atomic number 63. The population of Britain is still growing at a very slow rate, largely due to immigration, but in Germany and Japan the total population has begun to decline.This has thrown social scientists into a tizzy. They complain that there exit not be enough doers to take all the business lines that are needed they claim the workers testament no longer be fitted to meet the tax demands of their nations and they claim that a declining number of young people willing mean that there is no one around to care for the Baby Boomers as they get older. not surprisingly, many of these doom and gloom predictions are written by Baby Boomers.Instead, it might be benignant to focus on the positive benefits of population control. A smaller population will mean simple things, like less congestion on the highways and fewer people in the one open stop line at the grocery store. But those are the incidental effects of a lower population growth. The key benefits of a smaller population are better access to education, less pollution and therefore less global warming, and more job opportunities.For a decade or so, Americans have been decrying overcrowding in the groom systems as a factor in school performance. In 2003, CNN reported that overcrowding was causing a shell in the temporary classroom business and states across the nation were taking steps to reduce overcrowding (CNN, 1). With a declining birth rate in the industrialized nations, fewer children will need to be educated and the pupil to teacher ratio will decrease. That will lead to more individualized attention for each disciple and better learning opportunities. In addition, as those children get older, instead of being able to raise prices and financial backing students from going to colleg e, colleges and universities will be forced to compete for students.The reality is that smaller class size throughout the educational process will mean that all students are getting a better education, not just the ones who can afford mysterious school or the ones lucky enough to be adroit an attract a teachers interest. Furthermore, as the population seeking a college degree decreases second class universities with questionable accreditation will be driven out of business and the top academic talent will plenteousness in good schools providing good educations.As simple as it sounds, another advantage of a smaller population will be less pollution. Gores movie and other studies of global warming indicate that one of the significant contributors to greenhouse gases are personal vehicles. If there are fewer people, there will by simple logic be fewer cars and fewer cars mean that fewer greenhouse gases are emitted.And, fewer people means less need for food, so some farmland could be returned to forest or converted from vast corporate farms to sustainable small farms which produce healthier food and fewer pollutants. The rain forest of the Amazon River Basin could be left as rain forest with no need for more cattle to feed the worlds confide for bitch consumption and the demand for electricity would fall as there were fewer people using it. As the demand for electricity falls, older, fossil fuel burning electric plants could be shut down or replaced with newer, cleaner burning generation facilities.The ultimate proof of the effect that the population has on the environment can be observed today in India. Environmental pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people in the country. Rapid population growth, industrialization and urbanization in country are adversely affecting the environment. (Nagdeve, 2). India has polluted its sacred rivers and begun poisoning itself, creating a severe escape of potable water because of its overpopulation. legion(predicate) of the pollution problems come quite simply from human excrement. There are insufficient cloaca facilities and the sewage contaminants the ground water, leading to environmental collapse. With 1.1 billion people, India is the second most populous nation in the world and is being destroyed by its high birth rate (Nagdeve, 33).In China, the worlds largest population has become the primary source of greenhouse gases and is polluting the world at an alarming rate. Though they have instituted some population control measures, the population is so large now that until some of it dies off or moves to other areas, overcrowding and pollution, as well as poor access to resources will continue to be their plight.By far the most concerning aspect of the low-birth rate to most the industrialization nations is the impact it is likely to have on the economy. Naysayers claim the smaller populace will be unable to meet the needs of the elderly population, will be unable to meet th e tax burden placed on them by their parents and grandparents and will not be able to meet the employment needs of the country. The arguments are complicated and may have a food grain of truth in them, but are not the forgone conclusion that they are assumed to be.First, there is the retail store of meeting the needs of the elderly populace. This is in many ways a self-serving argument of the Baby Boom generation the reality is that in the United States, a third of the workforce is now over the age of 55. Because of an aging population and declining growth of the labor force, human resource policies are changing. Companies are pass incentives to keep older workers working past retirement age. Older workers can sometimes replace the lack of younger employees. Opportunities like flextime, part-time, temp work, job sharing, and extended vacations are becoming more common for employees of all ages. Businesses are learning that people of all shapes, sizes, ages, colors, and background s can be good workers (Johnson, 1)Many of the Baby Boomers are living to ripe old ages and will need long term care, but it also means they are staying in the workforce longer. And, they are better able to care for themselves than any previous generation of retirees. In addition, society has seen this short-term boom in the elderly population coming and ahs planned for it. hideaway communities and apartment complexes make care for the elderly much easier than in previous generations. Since they are all rigid in one area instead of being spread out in various private homes, the number of people needed to care for the elderly is greatly reduced.Second, there is the question of the tax burden, again a selfish notion of the elderly that the younger generation should have to support their Social guarantor needs even though it is an unrealistic expectation. Unfortunately, instead of working as Franklin Roosevelt had planned and being a supplement to a personal retirement plan, Social S ecurity has become the only retirement plan for many Americans and the government has continued to bail out failed retirement plan after failed retirement plan, usually due to poor fiscal planning or malfeasance on the part of those overseeing the plan.The simple reality is that the elderly cannot continue to rely on the government to meet all their needs and it is likely that in choosing to have fewer children they chose not to have the financial support of a younger generation. Aries argued that they shouldnt need the financial support family or the government because of their decision not to have a large family. He argued that with the money people saved by not having a family, they should be able to pay for assistant when they reach retirement age (Aries, 629).While this inability to deal with the tax burden is a binding concern, it can also be viewed as a great chance. Many people complain that the authoritative government system is messed up and the tax plan unfair, but n o one seems to be able to do anything about it. Though a collapse of the economic structure is an extreme way to encounter about change, it is a valid way and one that may have to be considered in the close to future.Finally, the argument against low-birth rates is that the there will be insufficient people to work the jobs that need doing. This is perchance the weakest argument of all. Do we really need a Starbucks on every corner and a McDonalds two doors down? The reality is that the economic market will correct itself. Fewer people forthcoming to do the jobs will mean that high school and college students are able to drive part-time work again and it will mean that the unemployment rate will drop. Regardless of the opportunity, there will always be some degree of unemployment either voluntary or temporary, but with greater opportunities available, more people will have better economic opportunities. Yes, some low-paying jobs may go unfilled.If that happens, the need will eq uate to the job growth. Like the tax issue, it will probably mean a restructuring of societal values. If more people are need in the medical field to care for the elderly and society places a higher value on that then serving coffee or flipping burgers, society will adjust to the loss of mass market coffee and fast food. After all, less than fifty years ago, fast food was save thought of. Fast food and poor paying retail jobs were not always a critical part of the American economy and if there is a labor shortage, they might be gone again. If there is a shortage of labor, society will adjust and fill the positions that it most needs.Some economists have argued that with a smaller labor force, economies could collapse as the total productivity level of a nation is decreased, but historical analysis shows us that this too may be a made up forethought and an irrational prediction. In an essay regarding the impact low birth rates will have on the economy, William H. Reid, writing for the Journal on Extension said that history shows that our most productive times in history were when the population was smaller.For example, he said, right after the Black Plague productivity in Europe skyrocketed (Reid, 1). The idea behind the increase was that people had something to work for and out of necessity worked hard to get it. He further argued that while overall productivity might be down, wages will be up as employers compete for qualified staff. That will mean that the economy will be booming.The simple truth is that zero population growth was a good idea twenty years ago and that has not changed. The great majority of opposition to it in Europe and North America is in fact a form of xenophobia, a fear that if other parts of the world outbreed the locals, the local way of life will be destroyed. If analysts were honest and admitted to this fear, there might be more action taken on it. By hiding their fears in other concerns, they miss a chance for honest discourse on the effect that a huge Indian and Chinese population will have on the world.They miss the opportunity to take real action to address the overpopulation concerns of India. Allowing more people to emigrate from overcrowded areas to less crowded areas will cut down on the demands on the resources of individual nations and improve the quality of life around the globe. However, so many areas are insular and afraid to share their land or way of life with anyone of a different culture. If the industrialized countries were at least willing to admit that, there arguments might have more standing in the worlds eyes.The reasons why the birth rate in the industrialized world is dropping are numerous and debatable. Aries suggested that another reason why the birth rate is declining is that people no longer see a way to make the world a better place for their descendants.Whether it is a fear of nuclear annihilation or global warming, many people are touch on that the world will not be a great p lace for the next generation and have specifyd against having children (469). Others have decided to keep the money for their own happiness instead of spending it on a child and some simply wait longer than they meant to and find they unable to have children. any(prenominal) the reasons for the declining birth rate, it is a fact of life in Europe and North America. Those nations can simply decide how to live with the consequences or, as they have in parts of Europe, take extreme action to reverse the course.In Japan and Germany where the population is already beginning to decline, the smaller population had coincided with an economic growth period. Whether this is simply coincidental is hard to tell at this point, but history seems to tell us that the chances are good that a deckling birth rate does not spell doom and gloom and the end of the world. Instead, it will like lead to a period of greater education for the average person, a cleaner environment and a booming economy.It ma y also lead to revolutionary thinking as the countries that have always had plenty of people to do their menial tasks have to consider other alternatives, such as an open border with Mexico so that there are more workers, or allowing a mass immigration from India, to relieve overcrowding there. Whatever the solution, it will require scientific and political minds meeting together and honestly discussing the wants and fears of Europe and North America and their desire to change them.In the end, the best consequence of a declining birth rate might be a further globalization of the world. Areas in the Far East and the Indian subcontinent with population problems will need to find more space and Europe and North America will have to find more workers. If the shinny be worked through and the prejudices and fears overcome, then the best thing that could come from a lower birth rate would be an international melting pot with everyone working together for a better planet, better economy an d a better life.WORKS CITEDAries, Phillippe.Two Successive Motivations for the Declining Birth Rate in the West state and Development Review Vol. 6, No. 4 (Dec., 1980), pp. 645-650 November 20, 2007.Cohen, JE Population growth and earths human carrying capacity Science Vol.269, Issue 5222, Summer, 1995, p. 341-46.Ending overcrowding in California Schools Policylink http//www.policylink.org/Research/SchoolOvercrowding/ November 20, 2007.Johnson, Kelly. The Effects of a Declining Birth Rate on the Labor Force http//cber.cba.ua.edu/rbriefs/ab_jan98.html November 20, 2007.Martin, Steve P. Diverging Fertility among U.S. Women Who Delay Childbearing Past Age 30 Demography , Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov., 2000), pp. 523-533 November 20,2007.Nagdeve, Dewaram. Environment and Health in India presented to Asian Context at Bangkok, Thailand, June 10, 2002. http//www.iussp.org/Bangkok2002/S09Nagdeve.pdf November 20, 2007.Overcrowding furnish Boom CNN.com http//www.cnn.com/2003/EDUCATION/06/02/cl asssize.portables.ap/index.html November 20, 2007.Reid, Walter H. Will Declining Birt Rates creates a Crisis? Journal of Extension (Summer 1988), Vol. 26, No. 2 , November 20, 2007.