Breast Cancer Research Diagnosis With Treatment

Breast Cancer Research Including the Diagnosis with Treatment Ellie A. Rider New Castle Career Center Health Science Education Mrs. Talbott December 2, 2014 Author Note Ellie A. Rider, Health Science Education, New Castle Career Programs. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ellie Rider, Health Science Education, New Castle Career Programs, New Castle IN, 47362. Contact: erider2015@gmail Abstract This paper will explain to you an in depth description of an illness that has taken several lives: Breast Cancer. Not only will it inform you about what it is, but also how it is diagnosed, the process the disease goes through, what body systems are affected, signs and symptoms, how it is treated, and the prognosis. My information was located on the internet by using credible sources in order to create and accurate report over the illness. I used websites such as breastcancer.org and nationalbreastcancer.org for accurate results with credible sources. I selected this topic because I know of several women who have suffered from this disease. As a woman, I think it is important to be educated on this particular type of cancer since it is so common in women today. This paper will give an idea of how common it is and the risks every woman has of acquiring breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research Including the Diagnosis with Treatment Breast Cancer is hideous form of cancer in the breasts that affect mostly women but can also affect men. It isShow MoreRelatedHuman Epidermal Growth Factor ( Her2 )1153 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol the growth and spread of certain cancers. Breast cancer is defined as HER2 positive (HER2+) when there is an extremely high level of HER2 receptors present within the cancerous tumour of the breast tissue (Macmillan, 2013). 1.2 Aims and objectives This report aims to give an overview on breast cancer focusing on the HER2+ sub-type of the disease; it includes an overview of aetiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It will also include how the advancesRead MoreThe Ethical Phenomenon Of Breast Cancer Screening And Treatments867 Words   |  4 Pagesboth the BRCA1 and BRCA 2 gene mutations and choosing bilateral mastectomies for early-stage breast cancers (Weintraub, 2015). Oncologists saw a 50% increase for risk-reduction mastectomy surgery related to the â€Å"Jolie Effect†. The impact of an actress, known for her beauty, to willing risk her body image to increase her lifespan survival has philanthropically advanced the issues surrounding breast cancer. Racial Cultural Williams, Templin, and Hines (2013) identified that some populations groupsRead More Women Coping with Breast Cancer Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesCoping with Breast Cancer Coping has been closely connected to stress; it involves a process by which a person attempts to restore balance in response to a stressful life event (Henderson, Gore, Davis, and Condon, 2003). The most common cancer among Canadian women in 2010 is breast cancer. An average of 445 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and an average of 100 Canadian women will die of breast cancer every week (Canadian Cancer Society, 2010). Coping with breast cancer has beenRead MoreBreast Cancer Develops From The Breast Tissue1216 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer develops from the breast tissue. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast divide uncontrollably and form tumours. The tumours are either a lump or a thickening of body tissue. According to cancer research UK, in 2012, there was 50,750 new cases of breast cancer in women and 353 new cases of breast cancer in men, in the UK. There was also 11,716 deaths from breast cancer. (http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-tRead MoreArticle Critique of Race and Ethnicity and Breast Cancer Outcomes in an Underinsured Population698 Words   |  3 PagesRace and Ethnicity and Breast Cancer Outcomes in an Underinsured Population (2010), Komeneka et al. retrospectively examined a group of uninsured and underinsured breast cancer patients in order to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in breast cancer survival rates between African-American and non-Hispanic white women of similar underinsured status. The authors determined that the previous literature concerning differences in breast cancer according to race did notRead MoreThe Survival Rates Of Breast Cancer1373 Words   |  6 Pages Breast Cancer is the most common misfortune in women and second leading cause of death by cancer. Today, woman with breast cancer have a 90% chance of surviving for five years post-diagnosis. However, African American women have a national survival rate of 79%. Socioeconomic barriers and lack of access to health services have crippled African American women in breast cancer advancements. Studies have show that African American women tend to be diagnosed with a higher-stage of cancer because ofRead MoreThe Biopsychosocial Perspective Of Breast Cancer.For The1156 Words   |  5 PagesBiopsychosocial Perspective of Breast Cancer For the majority of time, the biomedical model has been the main focus on many health factors and diseases, including cancer. Recently, psychologists have been able to prove the psychological and social components of disease. This has forced Doctors, who once relied solely on the biological factors of disease to take a more holistic approach. To help demonstrate the biopsychosocial model of cancer, I will be focusing on breast cancer and it’s risk factorsRead MoreBreast Cancer Diagnosis: The Psychosocial and Educational Needs1172 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the psychosocial and educational needs of a breast cancer patient? In the United States, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer that women are diagnosed with (Stephens, Osowski, Fidale, Spagnoli, 2008). Those diagnosed tend to go through stages of fear, disbelief, shock, and sadness. â€Å"Nurses can improve the quality of care for women with breast cancer and their families by providing additional support services and post-treatment information during the initial education and follow-upRead More72 New Gene Mutation Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic Mutations Linked to Hereditary Breast Cancer According to the National Cancer Institute, invasive breast cancer affects approximately 1 in 8 U.S. women, and about 5% to 10% of all breast cancers are hereditary. At present, most people are familiar with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, which are inherited gene mutations—or abnormalities in the DNA sequencing—that increase the risk of developing breast cancer. According to statistics from the National Cancer Institute, by age 70, 55% to 65% ofRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling attention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of this

Albert J. Parkhouse Inventor of the First Coat Hanger

Today’s wire coat hanger was inspired by a clothes hook patented in 1869 by O. A. North of New Britain, Connecticut but it wasnt until 1903 that Albert J. Parkhouse, an employee of Timberlake Wire and Novelty Company in Jackson, Michigan, created the device that we now know as the coat hanger in response to co-workers’ complaints of too few coat hooks. He bent a piece of wire into two ovals with the ends twisted together to form a hook. Parkhouse patented his invention, but it is not known if he profited from it. In 1906, Meyer May, a mens clothier  of Grand Rapids, Michigan, became the first retailer to display his wares on his wishbone-inspired hangers. Some of these original hangers can be seen at the  Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Meyer May House in Grand Rapids. Schuyler C. Hulett received a patent in 1932 for an improvement which involved cardboard tubes screwed onto the upper and lower portions to prevent wrinkles in freshly laundered clothes. Three years later, Elmer D. Rogers created a hanger with a tube on the lower bar which is still used today. Thomas Jefferson  invented the early wooden coat hanger along with other inventions like the hideaway bed, the calendar clock, and the dumbwaiter. More About Albert Parkhouse Gary Mussell, great-grandson of Parkhouse, wrote this about his great-grandfather: Albert J. Parkhouse was a born tinkerer and inventor, his brother-in-law, Emmett Sargent, used to tell me when I was young. Albert was born in St. Thomas, Canada, just across the border from Detroit, Michigan, in 1879. His family migrated down to the town of Jackson when he was a boy, and it was there that he met and eventually married Emmetts older sister, Emma. Their daughter, Ruby, my grandmother, often told me he was quiet, modest, unassuming, and fun-loving to friends, but that Mom was really the boss in the family. Both Albert and Emma rose through the ranks to be leaders in the local Masons and Eastern Star organizations. John B. Timberlake founded Timberlake Sons, a small sole proprietorship, in 1880 and by the turn of the century he had managed to collect several dozen enterprising inventor-type employees such as Parkhouse who made wire novelties, lampshades, and other ubiquitous devices for their customer clients. If anything truly unique was developed by the individual employee, wrote Mussell, Timberlake applied for a patent on it, and the company reaped whatever fame and reward that followed. It should be noted that this is a traditional employer-employee relationship in American business, and it is especially prevalent in late 19th Century firms, and even practiced by such well-known inventors as Thomas Edison, George Eastman, and Henry Ford. Todays Coat Hangers Todays coat hangers are made of wood, wire, plastic, and rarely from rubber substances and other materials. Some are padded with fine materials such as  satin for expensive clothes. The soft, plush padding helps protect clothes from shoulder dents that wire hangers may make. A caped hanger is an inexpensive wire clothing hanger covered in paper. They are most often used by dry cleaners to protect clothes after cleaning.

Choice And Accountability Claims By Diane Ravitch

Santos 1 TO: Franklin McDuffy, California State Senator FROM: Onassis Santos, Education Policy Researcher at Senator McDuffy’s Office DATE: October 27, 2014 SUBJECT: Choice and Accountability claims by Diane Ravitch The purpose of this memo is to review and analyze the claims made by Diane Ravitch in her book, The Life and Death of the Great American School System, and to justly state if the authors claims are well-researched and based on facts or if her arguments and claims are biased and opinionated. More specifically, this memo will acknowledge the two central ideas of contemporary education reform today: choice and accountability. Advocates of school choice believe that it provides families with alternative options to choose their children’s education that works best for them while encouraging competition to better schools. However, opponents of school choice believe that it will erode the public school system until it is no more. Some argue that accountability is â€Å"the great cure† that will fix schools by testing and placing teachers accountable, this will encourage more effort and in turn promote student achievement. Others believe that too much accountability is the reas on why our schools are failing. Ravitch seems to see choice and accountability as the main obstacles standing in the way of a thriving American school system. After much careful research, I have come to two conclusions. First, choice is not remedy to make education better; all that choice does isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Standardized Testing a Failure in Education1335 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Public School system. Politicians claim that Accountability is needed. Dylan Wiliam wrote that â€Å"The logic of accountability is deceptively simple†(110) He goes on to say that â€Å"students attending higher quality schools will (by definition) have higher achievement than those attending lower quality schools, so that the differences in quality of schools will result in systematic differences in achievement between schools†(110). Yes indeed accountability is needed. It is needed for those who payRead MoreEducation Policy : Is It, Damned Lies, And Education2759 Words   |  12 Pagespurpose of this essay is to analyze what I have found in my research on how the relationship between school and society, and how it has changed in the United States across the Historical Eras. In this analysis, I relate the changing of reforms to Diane Ravitch’s book, The Death and Life of the Great American School System, along with some other resources used in the Education Policy class. Education can be traced back as far as the time of the pilgrims in America. In 1620 the well-known MayflowerRead MoreLeft Behind Education1542 Words   |  7 Pagescontributor to students becoming suppressed from receiving a proper preparation for college. In the article, â€Å"The Essentials of a Good Education†, the education expert Diane Ravitch argues that students are being scammed from their education and states that â€Å"the U.S. educational system has had an unhealthy focus on testing and accountability — unhealthy because it has driven public policy to concentrate on standardized tests of uneven quality at the expense of the more important goals of education† (112)Read MoreMy Educational Philosophy – A Work in Progress Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity involvement (Schultz, 2005).    ​Renowned educational historian Diane Ravitch, speaks with a progressive tone in her book, â€Å"The Death and Life of the Great American School System.† Ravitch attests that today’s society needs to reflect upon the purpose of schooling and that â€Å"schools are responsible for shaping character, developing sound minds in healthy bodies†¦and forming citizens for our democracy...(2010).†   Ravitch claims that American public education needs to be preserved, â€Å"because it isRead MoreThe Current Educational System Of America1919 Words   |  8 Pagesof other political and social agendas. He utilizes a satirical style to address the Americans touched by our education system including, politicians, corporations, and the media alike. Because Moore utilizes little cited evidence to further his claims, compounded by the fact that over a decade has passed since it’s publication, we must examine other outside sources to determine if any credit able evidence exists to further his contentions. Additionally, this is a complex issue that possesses manyRead MoreThe Higher Education System or Lack Thereof Essay1941 Words   |  8 Pagesmore financial support for its citizens (or to control costs in some way). I would take it one step further. There needs to be accountability from a curriculum standpoint. Institutions that welcome students who are expected to struggle must have the resources available to them to help them succeed; and it must be more than window dressing. An institution can claim to be student-centered, but saying it doesn’t make it so. Too often student support services are the first to be cut and are oftenRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Thesis Essay8348 Words   |  34 Pages(Simpson et al.). In her article â€Å"Time to Kill ‘No Child Left Behind’,† Diane Ravitch (2009) explains the consequences if the NCLB requirements are not met: Schools that do not make progress toward the goal of 100% proficiency for every group are subject to increasingly, stringent sanctions. In their second year of failing to make â€Å"adequate yearly progress† for any group, failing schools have their students given the choice of leaving to enroll in a better public school. In the third year of aRead MoreReaction Paper on Waiting for Superman4504 Words   |  19 PagesThe Myth of Charter Schools by Diane Ravitch From The New York Review of Books—November 11, 2010 Waiting for â€Å"Superman† a film directed by Davis Guggenheim Anthony, a fifth-grade student hoping to win a spot at the SEED charter boarding school in Washington, D.C.; from Davis Guggenheim’s documentary Waiting for ‘Superman’ Ordinarily, documentaries about education attract little attention, and seldom, if ever, reach neighborhood movie theaters. Davis Guggenheim’s Waiting for â€Å"Superman†

Political Communication Essay Paper Example For Students

Political Communication Essay Paper Political CommunicationPolitics and the media have long been intimately involved with each other, with media strongly setting an agenda in which politics is very important. (Harris 1999,p.167) Our perceived reality of the real world is largely a product of the media. (Harris 1999,p.186) It is not known which is the bigger influence but there are definitely two sides to the story. Many studies have attempted to draw definative conclusions, but each yields different answers. Many say that the media has more of an impact on politics than does politics on the media. The two have always been natural adversaries. Skewering each other in print and in conversation, but generally enjoying each others company. (Forum)It is the role of the mass media to keep the general public informed and up to date with current news and events in their community, state, country, and around the world. In politics the media can either build or damage a political figure by changing the publics opinion. Many peop le depend heavily on television as their source of information where they see or hear about political issues, events, and policies. Because television is the single most powerful medium of global communication and nightly newscasts are the most frequently watched source of information for the public. (Forum) The mass media is everywhere we turn, from television sets, to airwaves, to print, and even the Internet. In the medias role, are they actually giving us the right message or is it a rumor, which you often see in tabloids in which it is created just to sell? 75% of the public believes that the top priority of the media is to find and report important information on public issues. Approximately 18% say that it is to give readers and viewers what they ask for. Less than 6% say that it should be for profit. (Forum) The Forum Magazine (September 1994) also discussed a survey done by Kees, a former executive editor of The Fresno Bee, and former chief of staff of the Republican Nation al Committee. The survey results found many accusations were made about the media. They were more interested in sensationalism than issue, they were political insiders who cant report fairly, they didnt understand the real issues facing the country, they underestimate the publics taste, and they conspire to disgrace politicians. On the other hand the survey also accused the politicians of wrongful doings. It was stated that they waste taxpayers money on perks, listen to consultants and not the public, listen to the public only when running for office, gain support by promising jobs, and become corrupt. In this situation both have been affected.The media frames many issues, which is the central organizing idea for making sense of relevant events, and suggesting what is at issue. News and information have no basic value unless implanted in a meaningful context, which organizes and provides it with logic. It shapes the way the public understands the cause and the solutions to political problems. (London) The Media also sets the agenda. Many believe that this works against the democratic process. They determine what people believe to be important issues. When the media focuses on a problem, the publics opinions on that problem then become altered. This is also true for the president. The president reacts by responding to changes in attention to the media. The media has a strong influence on the policy agenda of public officials. The publics familiarity with political matters is closely related to the amount and extent of their attention to certain issues received in the mass media. (Edwards 1999, p.328) From this one can say that the media does in fact have the winning hand. They may not be successful in telling us what to think, but they are successful in telling us what to think about. (London) Television coverage can affect many attitudes of the public on the importance of certain issues so it should be quite important to public officials to put those on their agenda. A prime example is in the War on terror and the medias view on how the president is dealing with it. The president is also said to be the agenda setter. No other single actor can focus attention as clearly, or change the motivations of such a great number of others, as the president. (Edwards 1999, p.327) Yet others believe that it is the way in which his overall agenda is presented to the public and that is done by the media. There is still argument for both sides but leaning more towards the media. Presidential elections, campaigns, and policies have always been important in the media and to the public. The media creates a political world that is the basis of the publics knowledge and the later behavior, such as voting for the president or any public official. The themes and issues that are repeated in the media become important to viewers. Those that are highlighted become especially influential when it comes to choosing a candidate. The media affects evaluations of presidents. Presidential approval is strongly influenced by how the media portrays the candidate to the public. For example, during the Gulf War, George Bush received bad publicity based on his performance with the war even though his prior economic performance was exceptional. (Edwards 1999, p329) The values in which people used to evaluate him on were influenced by what the media had to say. Particular televised political advertising, televised candidate events. And news articles also affect the preferences and opinions of the voters. Televised networks covered a lot about his campaign which possibly aided his election. This just goes to show that the media were wrong in conveying an appropriate understanding of the issues involved. Campaign information affects voters issue preferences, candidate evaluations, and the likelihood of voting. Exposure, reception, and acceptance all play a role in this gathering of campaign information and in the voter perception. Exposure involves one physical proximity to a message. Reception involves actually getting or taking in a message. Lastly acceptance inv olves allowing the information contained within the message to influence ones preference, opinion, or attitude. (Shaw 1999,p.347) The more campaign ads seen and the amount of campaigning covered also has a greater effect on the voter turnout and the information gathered about the candidates and the issues. For example, in the election for the New York mayor.The media brought up the fact that Bloomberg spent 69 million dollars on his campaign. Many people questioned if he should have been allowed that amount of money. Campaigns are used to prime the voters perceptions of politics and their candidate preferences. To a considerable degree the art of politics in a democracy is the art of determining which issue dimensions are of major interest to the public or can be made salient in order to win public support. (London )Many times the media often bring up the worst in a public official or candidate as seen by that of Gary Condit . They cover low salient issues that are irrelevant to eve ryday life and also overplay or cover the issue too much. Another example is with the Texas Governor, George W. Bush. The main issue on the medias mind was the rumor of his past cocaine use. They should have been covering his views on Social Security, HealthCare Reform, Russia , and the Middle-east. The media should be filling in to the publics knowledge the political issues at stake and who is likely to be the next president of the United States of America. (Kalb 1999) Coverage of a political event or campaign also plays a significant role in the eye of the public and also to the candidate. Candidates who do well will receive more attention from the news mediaactive candidates will receive more coverage. The greater the activity by a candidate, the more likely the candidate will receive more coverage. (Haynes 1998,p.420) News coverage and their input to the publics information on presidential campaigns are very critical in determining the outcome of the election. Elections are infl uenced by two factors. The first being the strength and political skills of the incumbent and the second being the interpretation of the incumbents performance by the mass media, particularly television. A study was taken during the 1996 presidential election race between Bill Clinton and Bob Dole. Clinton regained positive news coverage by the major television newscasts by battling with Dole over Medicare and the United States budget. This event was covered live by the media and displayed to the public in an encouraging manner in favor of Bill Clinton which in turn strengthened Clintons political image in the eye of the voters. Many news stories came about depicting Clinton as the strong incumbent and it proved successful with an easy victory over Dole in the 1996 election. (Dover 1998,p.47) As seen here the mass media coverage does structure voters opinions about their political leaders. Many domestic and foreign policy issues are affected by the media in which are brought to the politicians. These domestic issues consist of education, healthcare, poverty, and crime. The foreign policy issues at hand are the Russian relations, terrorism, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Crime and terrorism has a high interest value among humans. Sensitive to contextual cues when they reason about national affairs. Their explanations of issues like terrorism or poverty are critically dependent upon the particular reference points furnished in media presentations. (Iyengar 1987,p.828) It is an important issue among the media because all people are concerned with there safety. It will be put on the agenda because there are strong incentives for the media and for the politicians, which are to gain mass appeal and to facing the public in elections. (Edwards 1999,p.341)There have also been an increasing number of women running for public office and gender has now become a common ground for the news media about certain voters, candidates, leaders, and issues. The question is whether or not the media advances or holds back womens participation in politics. Many news stories about politics tend to be presented in masculine terms, but there is good news, women receive about the same amount of news coverage as men in comparable positions. Over the years the number of women in the mass media has increased. There are many more women journalists, which has resulted in expanded coverage of womens issues and women as public officials. By publicizing and raising certain issues, this has helped women candidates gain credibility and support among voters. (Pippa 19-41)The Media Dependency Theory is very important to think about when it comes to political communication. The three main aspect of the theory are the Social system, Media system, and the Audience. The three lead up to and produce the last aspect which is the Effect or what the final product. The social system, which is the government, has goals that have to be met and they are publicity and support. There resour ces are public funds and legislation. The media system, which is television, newspaper, radio, etc., also has goals which are to make money through the public. Their resources consist of gathering information and dispersing it to the public. The audience is the public like you and me. Our goals are to acquire news, entertainment, and education. Our resources are money and notes. All of these are dependent upon one another through each of their goals and resources. They all affect one another, but some more than others. Each one needs the other in order to create the Effect. Due to our democratic government and free speech the media can basically due almost anything they want as long as it abides by the FCC. The FCC is the governments approach to regulate the media. They censor what is broadcast on television and over the radio. Under the president and the senate, five commissioners are appointed to the job. The amount that can be regulated is minimal.In Summary, the media has a huge and particular impact on society and politics. The media does much to set the policy agenda and influence how the public and those in political office understand it. Politicians not only use the media to influence us viewers, but are themselves influenced by it. The media affects our every day ways of thinking, our intentions, and our norms. What they see as important, we do also. Therefore in my opinion, the news media sets the agenda for what is important.References Dover, E. (1998). The presidential election of 1996: Clintons incumbency and television. Westport, CT: Praeger. Organizational Behavior Trends Essay Edwards, G. (1999, June). Who influences whom? The president , congress, and the media. American Political Science Review. 93. 327-342. Harris, R. (1999). A cognitive psychology of mass communication. Makwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Haynes, A. Murray, S. (1998, October). Why do the media cover certain candidates more than others. American Political Science Quarterly. 26. 420-438. Iyengar, S. (1987, September). Television news and citizens explanations of national issues. American Poltical Science Review. p.828. London, S. (1999). How the media frames political issues. Pippa, N. (1996) Women, media, and politics. Oxford University. Shaw, D. (1999, June). The effect of tv ads and candidate appearances on statewide presidential votes, 1988-96). American Political Science Review. 93. 345-361. The love-hate relationship between politicians and the news media. (1994, September). The Forum Magazine.